And I think of the 6th Avenue jail, of mostly Native, and Black men, where Henry told about being shot at, eight times outside a liquor store in L.A., but when. My grandfather had come back to show me how he folded time, she writes. There is nowhere else I want to be but here. [12], Harjo taught at the Institute of American Indian Arts from 1978 to 1979 and 1983 to 1984. Her methods of continuing oral tradition include story-telling, singing, and voice inflection in order to captivate the attention of her audiences. This contributes to the poems attempt to accentuate the paradox of finding diversity cohabitating within the same species of thing (i.e., horses, people). There is nowhere else I want to be but here. It refers to lines of verse that contain five sets of two beats, the first of which is stressed and the second is unstressed. 23Everyone worked together to make a ladder. Joy Harjo, though very much a poet of America, extracts from her own personal and cultural touchstones a more galactal understanding of the world, and her poems become richer for it. [15], In 2002, Harjo received the PEN/Beyond Margins Award for A Map to the Next World: Poetry and Tales[16]. "Once the World Was Perfect" was written by former U.S. poet laureate Joy Harjo, a member of the Muscogee Creek Nation, and published in the 2015 collection Conflict Resolution for Holy Beings. She was covered in a quilt, the Creek way.But I dont know this kind of burial:vanishing toads, thinning pecan groves,peach trees choked by palms.New neighbors tossing clipped grassover our fence line, griping to the cityof our overgrown fields. And I think of the 6th Avenue jail, of mostly Nativeand Black men, where Henry told about being shot ateight times outside a liquor store in L.A., but whenthe car sped away he was surprised he was alive,no bullet holes, man, and eight cartridges strewnon the sidewalk all around him. In 2019, she was elected a chancellor of the Academy of American Poets. [3] As a member of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation, Harjo adopted her paternal grandmother's surname. All Poems; Poem Guides; Audio Poems; Collections; Poets. places that I touch down on and that are myself, to all voices, all This is the woodpecker soundof an old retreat.It becomes an echo.an accountingto be reconciled.This is the soundof trees falling in the woodswhen they are heard,of red nations fallingwhen they are remembered.This is the soundwe hearwhen fist meets fleshwhen bullets pop against chestswhen memories rattle hollow in stomachs. It is everlasting. The speaker ends the poem by giving one final, succinct image of the poems theme of human multitudes. We were bumping We once again understood the talk of animals, and spring was leanand hungry with the hope of children and corn. [41] She raised both her children as a single mother. The images that follow are dramatic and cosmic, from simple symbols of tenderness and love (danced in their mothers arms) to examples of passionate imagination (who thought they were the sun and their bodies shone and burned like stars). Be respectful of the small insects, birds and animal people who accompany you. "She Had Some Horses by Joy Harjo". The poet emphasizes how important it is to remember one's history and relation to all living things. An Art of Saying: Joy Harjos Poetry and the Survival of storytelling. 2015. Dont worry.The heart knows the way though there may be high-rises, interstates, checkpoints, armed soldiers, massacres, wars, and those who will despise you because they despise themselves. Using anaphora, Harjo describes a myriad of horses as symbols of human contradiction and range. [7] Harjo was inspired by her great-aunt, Lois Harjo Ball, who was a painter. That makes for 30 days, 30 poems, and 30 poets. They will be happy to be found after being lost for so long. When you meet me in 811, no prior poetry experience is required! Poet Laureate, and who is the first enrolled member of a Native American tribe to hold the position, has said: I feel strongly . [24] Her use of the oral tradition is prevalent through various literature readings and musical performances conducted by Harjo. She Had Some Horses is a 44-line poem comprised of eight stanzas separated by the repeated phrase (She had some horses). In that fact is beauty, and perhaps redemption. Her understanding of memory is both singular and collective. am: to all past and future ancestors, to my home country, to all The horse that keeps being referred to throughout the text Is in fact Joy. [27], Harjo is Executive Editor of the anthology When the Light of the World was Subdued, Our Songs Came ThroughA Norton Anthology of Native Nations Poetry and the editor of Living Nations, Living Words: An Anthology of First Peoples Poetry, the companion anthology to her signature Poet Laureate project featuring a sampling of work by 47 Native Nations poets through an interactive ArcGIS Story Map and a newly developed Library of Congress audio collection. Describing their bodies and skins in terms of the landscape (sand, ocean water, splintered red cliff) creates an ethereal vision of elemental horses. Joy Harjo is a major American poet who was chosen as poet laureate of the United States. It is unspeakable. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. It gathers to a greatness, like the ooze of oil Crushed, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. Grace was published in In Mad Love and War (Wesleyan University Press, 1990). She has performed in Europe, South America, India, and Africa, as well as for a range of North American stages, including the Vancouver Folk Music Festival, the Cultural Olympiad at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, the 2010 Olympics in Vancouver, DEF Poetry Jam, and the U.S. Library of Congress in Washington D.C.[27], She began to play the saxophone at the age of 40. Of these, memory is at the forefront, whether appearing, as it does, as an abstract obsession, or personified, slipping into a dress and red shoes. Grandmas perfect tomatoes.Squash. Joy Harjo's Biography We become poems.. Pettit, Ronda (1998). She conveys how every person is different and has their own identities. This trade language, as she later calls English, is weak, insufficient. She states, This earth asks for so little from us human beings. This is very true. It may return in pieces, in tatters. She didn't have a great childhood. The way the content is organized. Ward, Steven. I link my legs to yours and we ride together, She starts the poem by saying In the last days of the fourth world I wished to make a map for/ those who show more content Next Section The Dead Summary and Analysis Previous Section A Mother Summary and Analysis Buy Study Guide Read more about the extraordinary Joy Harjo and her life and work here. Still, there are enough signifiers of a larger storya contemporary scene in a bar, the Mvskoke adoption of Christianityto highlight Harjos two modes. Once a storm of boiling earth cracked openthe streets, threw open the town.It's quiet now, but underneath the concreteis the cooking earth, and above that, airwhich is another ocean, where spirits we can't seeare dancing joking getting fullon roasted caribou, and the prayinggoes on, extends out. And day after day, as I hear the panic and fears of my patients, friends, others, my mind keeps turning to a specific poem. Birds are singing the sky into place. Register now and publish your best poems or read and bookmark your favorite popular famous poems. Academy of American Poets, 75 Maiden Lane, Suite 901, New York, NY 10038. Her poetry is included on a plaque on LUCY, a NASA spacecraft launched in Fall 2021 and the first reconnaissance of the Jupiter Trojans. Born in Tulsa, Oklahoma, in 1951, Harjo is a member of the Mvskoke/Creek Nation. Everyone laughed at the impossibility of it, but also the truth. Refine any search. Love It Or List It Yj And Michael City, Joy Harjo was appointed the new United States poet laureate in 2019. Date: Sep 10, 2019. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. "Once the World Was Perfect" was written by former U.S. poet laureate Joy Harjo, a member of the Muscogee Creek Nation, and published in the 2015 collection Conflict Resolution for Holy Beings.The free verse poem condemns the divisive power of greed while also celebrating the unifying power of kindness. These helpers take many forms: animal, element, bird, angel, saint, stone, or ancestor. 17And now we had no place to live, since we didn't know, 19Then one of the stumbling ones took pity on another. I lean into the rhythm of your heart to see where it will take us. Her poetry also dealt with social and personal issues, notably feminism, and with music, particularly jazz. [2][27], Harjo's awards for poetry include the Ruth Lily Prize for Lifetime Achievement from the Poetry Foundation, the Academy of American Poets Wallace Stevens Award, the New Mexico Governor's Award for Excellence in the Arts, a PEN USA Literary Award, Lila Wallace-Reader's Digest Fund Writers Award, the Poets & Writers Jackson Poetry Prize, a Rasmuson US Artist Fellowship, two NEA fellowships, and a Guggenheim Fellowship. Anger tormenting us. An Introduction by the Poet For Keeps by Joy Harjo Sun makes the day new. I will draw parallels between Harjo's life and three pieces of work -"I Give . Some will never laughas easily.Will hide knivessilver as fish in their boots,hoard namesas if they could be stolenas easily as land,will paper their wallswith maps and broken promises,scar their fleshwith this badgeheavy as ashes. WHEREAS when offered an apology I watch each movement the shoulders high or folding, tilt of the head both eyes down or straight through me, I listen for cracks in knuckles or in the word choice, what is it that I want? That night after eating, singing, and dancing It is not exotic. But the core theme of this sequence is despair versus hope, which is characterized beautifully by the twin horses who await either destruction or resurrection., She had horses who got down on their knees for any savior.She had horses who thought their high price had saved them. A Hamilton Stagehand on Telling Stories with Lights. Given the vastness of the horses described, its probably not such a big surprise that the unnamed she finds themselves regarding that spectrum with an equally drastic binary she loved and she hated. But the real phenomenon that the speaker and, by extension, Harjo point to (which is reinforced by the anaphora of She had some horses) is the paradox of finding unity in multiplicity. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Our work is created by a team of talented poetry experts, to provide an in-depth look into poetry, like no other. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. The purpose of this is to highlight the complex ways in which humanity is both similar and dissimilar from itself. Harjo's works often include themes such as defining self, the arts, and social justice. Insomnia and the Seven Steps to Grace. Poet Laureate was called "Living Nations, Living Words: A Map of First Peoples Poetry", which focused on "mapping the U.S. with Native Nations poets and poems". Key Poem Information Central Message: People vary greatly to the point of contradiction Themes: Identity, Religion Speaker: An indigenous woman Emotions Evoked: Empathy, Frustration, Terror She had horses who called themselves, horse.(). The poet Joy Harjo, who was recently named the U.S. [11] She also took filmmaking classes at the Anthropology Film Center in Santa Fe, New Mexico. Joy Harjos memoir opens to an event from childhood where she is in the backseat of her fathers car, driving through Tulsa, and hears jazz. See All Poems by this Author Poems. As the title suggests, the poem depicts a time when the world was "perfect" and human beings lived in harmony with each other and with the planet. All memory bends to fit, she writes. Get it delivered to your inbox every Friday. This dichotomy even crops up within the individual as well. Now fertilized by generationsashes upon ashes,this old earth erupts.Medicine voices rise like mistswhite buffalo memoriesteeth marks on birch barkforgotten formstremble into wholeness. The sacred and profane tangle and are threaded into the lands guarded by the four sacred mountains in the poetry of Sherwin Bitsui. [23], Harjo uses Native American oral history as a mechanism for portraying these issues, and believes that "written text is, for [her], fixed orality". I know there is something larger than the memory of a dispossessed people. Learn more about the history of the Muscogee Creek Nation, of which Joy Harjo is a member. Sun makes the day new.Tiny green plants emerge from earth.Birds are singing the sky into place.There is nowhere else I want to be but here.I lean into the rhythm of your heart to see where it will take us.We gallop into a warm, southern wind.I link my legs to yours and we ride together,Toward the ancient encampment of our relatives.Where have you been? Joy Harjo has received honorary doctorates from the following: SUNY Buffalo Honorary Doctoral Degree, 2021, UNC Asheville Honorary Doctoral Degree, 2021, University of Pennsylvania Honorary Doctoral Degree, 2021, Smith College Honorary Doctoral Degree, 2021, Institute of American Indian Arts Honorary Doctoral Degree, 2020, St. Mary-in-the-Woods College Honorary Doctoral Degree, 1998, Benedictine College, Kansas Honorary Doctoral Degree, 1992, This page was last edited on 15 February 2023, at 16:36. Gather them together. 12No one was without a stone in his or her hand. Explore Joy Harjo's Poet Laureate Project, which samples the work of 47 Native Nation poets. Perhaps the World Ends Here. A powerful reminder of the common denominator (our humanity) that should be steering us towards greater harmony but ends up being, more often than not, the reason for our schisms. Rizzo has been lighting the stages of Broadway for almost forty years. August 29, 2019. Horses were vital to many Indigenous American tribes and, as such, make a moving and convenient, if not intentionally jarring, stand-in for people. Pages are cavernous places, white at entrance, black in absorption. Under the bent chestnut, the wellwhere Cosettas husbandhid his whiskeyburied beneath rootsher bundle of beads. The journey might take you a few hours, a day, a year, a few years, a hundred, a thousand or even more. She studied at the Institute of American Indian Arts, completed her undergraduate degree at University of New Mexico in 1976, and earned an MFA degree at the University of Iowa in its creative writing program. It hasn't always been this way, because glaciers, who are ice ghosts create oceans, carve earth, Once a storm of boiling earth cracked open, It's quiet now, but underneath the concrete, which is another ocean, where spirits we can't see, are dancing joking getting full, On a park bench we see someone's Athabascan, grandmother, folded up, smelling like 200 years, of blood and piss, her eyes closed against some, unimagined darkness, where she is buried in an ache. She Had Some Horses by Joy Harjo illustrates the plurality of differences among people. In contrast, others were more ambiguous and secretive (called themselves, spirit. and kept their voices secret and to themselves). I could say grace was a woman with time on her hands, or a white buffalo escaped from memory. [38] Harjo believes that we become most human when we understand the connection among all living things. The repetition of the phrase She had some horses underscores the limitless variety of horses the speaker has encountered or has embodied themselves. Listen to Joy Harjo perform I Am a Dangerous Woman/Crossing the Border Into Canada here. 1Once the world was perfect, and we were happy in that world. Toward the ancient encampment of our relatives. Acknowledge this earth who has cared for you since you were a dream planting itself precisely within your parents desire. Poetry always directly or inadvertently mirrors the state of the state either directly or sideways. Birds are singing the sky into place. Here is unbridled potential for the poeticin everything, even in ourselves. [30], As a musician, Harjo has released seven CDs. Joy Harjo's poetry also employs the horse as a metaphor for the creative process. She is a current Chancellor of the Academy of American Poets and lives in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Joy Harjo is a part of the Native American Renaissance literary movement that focuses on portraying themes, such as identity, justice, grief, nature, culture, beliefs, and values through literature. Sign up for the Books & Fiction newsletter. "For Keeps" by Joy Harjo Joy Harjo, one of our favorite Native American authors, sets this love poem in the majesty of the outdoors. Keep room for those who have no place else to go. She was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma as a member of the Muscogee or Creek Nation. They sit before the fire that has been there without time. Because I learn from young poets. I link my legs to yours and we ride together. Joy Harjo in Literary Mama. Its the language of the American story, and it comes freighted with all of that storys history, atrocity, and false hope. This book is as precise as a ceremony and just as serious. [25], Harjo published her first volume in 1975, titled The Last Song, which consisted of nine of her poems. shared a blanket. Remember, by Joy Harjo 301 Words 2 Pages In the poem, Remember, by Joy Harjo, she talks about a theme that people must cherish life, must reflect on what they have been given and earned, and not take the small things for granted. But the abhorrence of religion as a means of control is nowhere as potent as the final line in this section. The words are listed in the order in which they appear in the poem. 1. In a strange kind of sense, [writing] frees me Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. While the juxtaposition of the last two lines between the horses that waltzed on the moon with those that, out of shyness, kept quiet in stalls of their own making furthers this motif of plurality amongst seemingly identical things (i.e., horses, humans). At certain points, the narrator encounters Monahwee on the page, and he becomes more than just a symbol of the past. Learn more about the poet's life and work. Joy Harjo AnalysisA Short Biography of Joy Harjo Joy Harjo is a mother, activist, painter, poet, musician, and author. where our hearts still batter away at the muddy shore. But by shifting the focus at the last minute from the Church to a single, troubled man, Joyce keeps "Grace" from turning into a diatribe. [36][37] Harjo reaches readers and audiences to bring realization of the wrongs of the past, not only for Native American communities but for oppressed communities in general. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. In the past week, we have been thinking a lot about this unprecedented moment and how poetry might help us live through it. And what has taken you so long? To feel and mind you I feel from the sensesI read each muscle, I ask the strength of the gesture to move like a poem. Although she dived into the autobiographical in previous collections, most successfully in the heartbreaking A Map to the Next World, here her I is often distant, present only as a vehicle of witness. Joy Harjo (b. Joy Harjo was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma, and is a member of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation. Seven Good Things is a weekly list of positivity & creativity. Reprinted by permission of Wesleyan University Press. By the end of the poem, its clear the horses are really just the individual people this she has encountered in life. In many Indigenous American traditions were not given at birth but at a defining age or moment in the persons life, and they could be changed or supplemented with new additions, evolving with the individual as they move through life. Born in Tulsa, Oklahoma, in 1951, Harjo is a member of the Mvskoke/Creek Nation. [1] Her father, Allen W. Foster, was Muscogee, and her mother, Wynema Baker Foster, was Cherokee and European-American from Arkansas. Photograph by Shawn Miller / Library of Congress / NYT / Redux. I lean into the rhythm of your heart to see where it" The Past rose up before us and cried, Harjo writes in Song 7, of the Cannon poems. 27To now, into this morning light to you. She had an abusive father and stepfather with a mother who was not strong enough. Ad Choices. We keep on breathing, walking, but softer now,the clouds whirling in the air above us.What can we say that would make us understandbetter than we do already?Except to speak of her home and claim heras our own history, and know that our dreamsdon't end here, two blocks away from the oceanwhere our hearts still batter away at the muddy shore. [21] She was also the second United States Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to serve three terms. There is nowhere else I want to be but here. [35], In her poems, Harjo often explores her Muskogee/Creek background and spirituality in opposition to popular mainstream culture. / From before I could speak, she writes in the halting The Fight.) At their best, Harjos poems inform each other, linking her different modes, facilitating her tendency to zoom from a personal experience to a more empyrean one. Of all the poems in the collection, it is Becoming Seventy, near the end, that is most in service to this project. Harjo tells the tale of a fierce and ongoing fight for sovereignty, integrity, and basic humanity, a plea that we as Americans take responsibility for what's been and being done in our names. She has made each of her storieseven ones that predate her, or dwarf her in scalein some way part of her own story of survival. Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs In both the poetry. The concerns are particular, yet often universal." The poets and poems gathered here showcase both the universal and the particular approaches Native American authors have taken to writing about diverse . Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. We didn't; the next season was worse. [9][10] Harjo earned her master of fine arts degree in creative writing from the University of Iowa in 1978. [42], Harjo is married to Owen Chopoksa Sapulpa, and is stepmother to his children.[43][44][45]. Its subject matter is at the same time the story of Harjos people, the poets personal story, and the human metanarrative; it is life and the lessons we each must learn and pass on to future generations. Her first memoir, Crazy Brave, was awarded the PEN USA Literary Award in Creative Non Fiction and the American Book Award, and her second, Poet Warrior, was released from W.W. Norton in Fall 2021. One of the things was that her everyday life in Saigon changed from the starting of the war. Their relationship ended by 1971. Harjo uses the poem to chronicle in a viscerally intimate manner a list of impressions shes gathered from other people and the world around her. Alexie, Sherman. Harjo is stunning in these moments of brutality, when she exposes the human potential for evil. Speak to it as you would to a beloved child. Harjo, though very much a poet of America, extracts from her own personal and cultural touchstones a more galactal understanding of the world, and her poems become richer for it. [36], Much of Harjo's work reflects Creek values, myths, and beliefs. Her signature project as U.S. There is no definite rhyme scheme or meter. LitCharts Teacher Editions. The horses are desperate enough to get down on their knees for any savior (an allusion to the ways religious submission fueled by fear can be abused) or who think their wealth can protect them (their high price had saved them). Yrsa Daley Ward as a poet. In 1972, she met poet Simon Ortiz of the Acoma Pueblo tribe, with whom she had a daughter, Rainy Dawn (born 1973). Let go the pain you are holding in your mind, your shoulders, your heart, all the way to your feet. Where in the body do I begin; Joy Harjo was appointed the new United States poet laureate in 2019. In almost all cases, I do not have poets nor poetry publishers permission to reproduce their work. You must call in a way that your spirit will want to return. Years ago, in her oft-quoted poem Remember, Harjo begged us to remember the sky, the moon, the wind, and the dance language is, that life is. Here, again, she asks the same. Terrance Hayess American sonnets make a stand as post-election love poems. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. August 13, 2019. There is nowhere else I want to be but here. Tiny green plants emerge from earth. Notes: Joy Harjo, How We Became Human: New and Selected Poems, 1975 2001 (New York: W. W. Norton & And the Earth keeps up her dancing and she is neither perfect nor exactly in time. Using the repeated phrase thats also shared by the title, the speaker catalogs a collage of different horses owned by an unnamed she. At first, these horses are described solely in abstract terms as reflections of nature or impressions of moments and feelings. I Pray for My Enemies is Joy Harjo's seventh and newest album, released in 2021. In a prefatory prose statement Harjo explains the Indian Removal Act of 1830, which expelled tribes from their land, making explicit connection between past and present: "The indigenous peoples. In one lovely passage, during a drive, Harjo sees a vision of Monahwee riding a horse alongside her. She is a writer, model and actor. Read the full text of Once the World Was Perfect. They travel the earth gathering essences of plants to clean. Tiny green plants emerge from earth. Her father was a Muscogee Creek citizen whose mother came from a line of respected warriors, and speakers who served the Muscogee Nation in the . (including. Womack emphasizes that critics misjudge Harjos poetry by presuming a heterosexual reading for her poetry and paying no attention to her intention, same-sex desire. In addition to writing books and other publications, Harjo has taught in numerous United States universities, performed internationally at poetry readings and music events, and released seven albums of her original music. I link my legs to yours and we ride together, When reading her poems, she speaks with a musical tone in her voice, creating a song in every poem. She was also only the second Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to have served three terms (after Robert Pinsky). Ask their forgiveness for the harm we humans have brought down upon them. Actress Michelle Pierce Obituary, Joy Harjo is a mother, activist, painter, poet, musician, and author. Highlighting via the horses all the varieties in physical appearance (long, pointed breasts and full, brown thighs) and temperament that humans share: from those that appear a little too self-righteous for their own good (throwing rocks at glass houses) to those that enjoy violence more than they should or are prone to self-destruction (licked razor blades). Harjo interrogates both ones responsibility toward ones culture and the fear of being buried under its weight. Up here, parallel to the medianwith a vista of mesas weavings,the sky a belt of blue and white beadwork,I see our hundred and sixty acresstamped on Gods forsaken country,a roof blown off a shed,beams bent like matchsticks,a drove of white cowsmaking their homein a derailed train car. Harjo believes that when reading her poems, she can add music by playing the sax and reach the heart of the listener in a different way. [31], Since her first album, a spoken word classic Letter From the End of the Twentieth Century (2003) and her 1998 solo album Native Joy for Real, Harjo has received numerous awards and recognitions for her music, including a Native American Music Award (NAMMY) for Best Female Artist of the year for her 2008 album, Winding Through the Milky Way. I dreamed when I wasFour that I was standing on it.a whiteman with a knife cut piecesawayand threw the meatto the dogs. Harjo, explains how everything in the world is connected in some way. This personification is saying not to forget how the sun rises. Central Message: People vary greatly to the point of contradiction, Emotions Evoked: Empathy, Frustration, Terror, This poem creatively uses anaphora with impressive effect, employing arresting imagery and uses of figurative language. She Had Some Horses is characterized by the speakers diverse descriptions of many different horses owned by the unnamed she. The first eight lines ground much of the speakers vivid imagery in the physical appearances of the animals, which appear to mirror elements of the natural world. But then they start to grow more concrete, coalescing around an identity thats Indigenous American and female. Joy Harjo's "I Give You Back": An Analysis and Essay Outline BarrioBushidoTV 1.26K subscribers 1.5K views 2 years ago Sample Working Thesis and Outline for Joy Harjo's "I Give You Back". each muscle, I ask the strength of the gesture to move like a poem. I frequently refer my audience the Academy of American Poets (poets.org), the creators and sponsors of National Poetry Month, for a more official poem-a-day email list. Trochaic pentameter is an uncommon form of meter. We still talk about that winter, how the cold froze imaginary buffalo on the stuffed horizon of snowbanks. Listen to a recording of "Once The World Was Perfect.". The phrase maps drawn of blood could also be an allusion to the ways that landscape has been conquered and colonized through violence. Along the highways gravel pitssunflowers stand in dense rows.Telephone poles crook into the layered sky.A crows beak broken by a windmills blade.It is then I understand my grandmother:When they see open landthey only know to take it. Anaphora is crucial to the poems theme and its articulation of it. In this section, they give further examples of the sometimes contradicting and free-wheeling assortment of people that she has known. The line brings us back to the books center, a space of retrospection. Throughout ' Remember ', Harjo uses repetition, specifically of the word "remember," to remind the reader of their role on the earth.

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