Stutthof female SS guards trial.jpg 1,209 799; 294 KB Wanda Klaff (cropped).jpg 232 345; 39 KB Categories: Executions of individuals consequent to Nazism Female guards in Nazi concentration camps Stutthof concentration camp Gallows in Poland Biskupia Grka Gdask in the 1940s 1946-07-04 Public execution Non-topical/index: Countless prisoners who were left too weak to work were simply murdered. She earned a horrific legacy and nickname despite only working for a year. [1] None of the Stutthof commandants were ever tried in Poland. In 1949, SS-Hauptsturmfhrer Hans Jacobi, the commandant of Stutthof subcamps forming Baukommando Weichsel or OT Thorn (Organisation Todt Thorn) for women digging anti-tank ditches,[6] was tried before the criminal court in Toru and sentenced to three years in prison. In a 2017 book, Holocaust survivor Lina Haag claimed Lichtenberg prisoners were stripped naked and tied to wooden posts, where Maria Mandl would then beat us mercilessly until she could no longer lift her arm., Mandl looked for women who had broken the rules by curling their hair and even one single curl would mean a woman was kicked to the ground and beaten around the head, or she would shave their head and parade them around the camp with a sign around their neck that read: I broke the rules and curled my hair.. The Soviet/Polish Special Criminal Court found all of them guilty of the charges. Often low paid workers who took the roles to earn more cash, they were trained at the all-women Ravensbruck camp, in Northern Germany, where they became hardened to the cruel torture of inmates and learned to administer punishments with boots, truncheons, whips and riding crops. It was not until 2017 that he returned to Stutthof as part of a visit by the Prince and Princess of Wales and discovered to his surprise that the camp's gas chambers were still intact. She also beat her on the face and head with her fists, and when the woman fell to the ground she trampled on her. Koryski was taken from Lithuania to Stutthofin 1944, when he was 16 years old. The town of Sztutowo (Polish name for ' Stutthof') lies 55km east of Gdask and is easily accessed by both car and bus. How healthy are India's 1.4 billion people? Stutthof was the first camp outside German borders, in operation from 2 September 1939, and the last camp liberated by the Allies on 9 May 1945. Arraigned 24 ex-officials and guards of the Stutthof concentration camp were judged and found guilty. At Ravensbruck and Majdanek, Braunsteiner whipped women to death and was said to have thrown children by their hair onto trucks that took them to their deaths in gas chambers. In total, 21 women who worked in the concentration camps faced the gallows. It was during this time as a slave labourer that he met lifelong friend Zigi Shipper. The Belsen Trial heard that she beat an 18-year-old girl for eating peelings in the kitchen and, when others protested, she told them, "I will beat her to death." Marching in severe winter conditions and treated brutally by SS guards, thousands died during the march. Camp doctors also killed sick or injured prisoners in the infirmary with lethal injections. The man had . Arraigned 20 ex-officials and guards were judged; 19 were found guilty, and one was acquitted. Ten were sentenced to death. Germany: Ex-Nazi camp guard dies, ending case against him. Edited by G. ukomski, G. Kucharski. Poland held four trials in Gdask against former guards and kapos of Stutthof, charging them with crimes of war and crimes against humanity. SS-Aufseherin Jenny Wanda Barkmann - death by hanging 3. Feb. 5, 2021 Public prosecutors in Germany have indicted a 95-year-old woman for her role supporting the Nazi killing machinery as a secretary in a concentration camp, charging her with 10,000. The Stutthof concentration camp, like every Nazi concentration camp, was an institution for torturing, humiliating and murdering people, a death machine. Apprehended after the war, she was sentenced and publicly hanged in Gdansk. I wish many more Nazis suffered the same fate. The rest of the prisoners were marched in the direction of Lauenburg in eastern Germany. Another former Nazi camp guard, who is 101-years-old, was sentenced to five years in prison for being an accessory to murder in 3,500 cases at the . His testimony is part of a court case against a 93-year-old former guard. Dave, Bothe was sentenced to 10 years in prison for war crimes. Further in the background is the guard SS-Oberscharfhrer Johann Pauls and several Polish kapos. In 1945, she was captured by the American forces after attempting to flee to Bavaria. 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Among 110,000 prisoners were Jews from all of Europe, members of the Polish underground, Polish civilians deported from Warsaw during the Warsaw Uprising, Lithuanian and Latvian intelligentsia, Latvian resistance fighters, psychiatric patients, Soviet prisoners of war,[3] and communists (as an example of communist deportations to Stutthof, see the Danish Horserd camp). You excuses for human beings are no better than you accuse the National Socialists of being. AP . [1] None of the Stutthof commandants were ever tried in Poland. English: Execution of Stutthof concentration campoverseers at Biskupia Grka(from left to right): Jenny-Wanda Barkmann, Ewa Paradies, Elisabeth Becker, Wanda Klaffand Gerda Steinhoff, further the guard SS-OberscharfhrerJohann Pauls(the chief of the work detail "Waldkolonne") and Polish kapos Date 4 July 1946 Source In total, as many as 110,000 people were deported to the camp in the course of its existence. It was surrounded by electrified barbed-wire fences. A 95-year-old woman who worked for the commandant of a Nazi concentration camp has been charged in north Germany with aiding . [15] It is believed that inmates sent for immediate execution were not registered. Millions of people suffered and died or were killed. A 97-year-old former secretary to the SS commander of Nazi Germany's Stutthof concentration camp has been found guilty of being an accessory to 10,505 murders. "You didn't know if the officers were acting on orders, or if they did it on their breaks," he said. Established on September 2, 1939, Stutthof was the first concentration camp outside German borders during World War II. One survivor, Lila Givner, told her 1978 trial: Kobyla was tall. [41], In 1999, Artur mijewski filmed a group of nude people playing tag in one of the Stutthof gas chambers, sparking outrage.[42][43][44]. Twenty-seven ex-officials and guards were arraigned and judged; 26 were found guilty, and one was acquitted. It was surrounded by electrified barbed-wire fences. It was also the final camp liberated by the Allies in May 1945. "I was first in Stutthof in August '43 for close to a month and then two other [camps] before I returned at the end of 1944 for a second time," he told the BBC. View the list of all donors. Grese, who was passing on a bicycle, immediately got off, took off her leather belt and beat the woman with it. Who is Buffalo Allina Clinic shooting suspect Gregory Ulrich and who are the victims? [2], During the first trial held at Gdask from April 25, 1946, to May 31, 1946, the joint Soviet/Polish Special Criminal Court tried and convicted of crimes against humanity a group of thirteen ex-officials and overseers of the Stutthof concentration camp in Sztutowo and its Bromberg-Ost subcamp for women located in the city of Bydgoszcz. S tutthof is 34 km from Danzig and was the first concentration camp created by the Nazis outside of the country of Germany (September 2nd. Over 65,000 prisoners perished, many of who were Polish Intelligentsia, former politicians, and resistance leaders, as well as 28,000 Jews. Anyone marching who didn't have the strength was shot," said Mr Goldberg. Most of the original detainees were local Poles and Jews when Stutthof was built in 1939 as the first Nazi camp outside Germany's borders in World War Two. Historydefined.net is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com, Copyright 2023 History Defined | Powered by Astra WordPress Theme. The fifth trial was held before the court in Toru in 1949. [11], Several Norwegian Waffen SS volunteers worked as guards or as instructors for prisoners from Nordic countries, according to senior researcher at the Norwegian Center for Studies of Holocaust and Religious Minorities, Terje Emberland. A narcissist who had numerous affairs with SS officers, she was said to have deliberately chosen women she considered more beautiful than her. The former secretary, who lives in a care home and is unnamed, had worked at the Stutthof camp near Danzig, in Nazi-occupied Poland. [3], A range of German organisations and individuals used Stutthof prisoners as forced laborers. Soviet forces liberated Stutthof on May 9, 1945, and liberated about 100 prisoners who had managed to hide during the final evacuation of the camp. Barkmann, Paradies, Becker, Klaff, Steinhoff (left to right) executed Jenny-Wanda Barkmann (c.1922 - July 4, 1946) was a Nazi concentration camp guard. Thousands were taken to the Baltic Sea where they were executed, and many more were killed by the brutal SS guards and officers. The 92-year-old Israeli citizentraveled to Germany to give evidence in the trial of Bruno D., a former SS private accused of 5,230 counts of being an accessory to murderat Stutthof from 1944 to 1945. Many were former waitresses, cooks, and hairdressers who job postings in the newspaper. "Our group was marched out of Stutthof on 26 April. This days condemned camp commandant Johann Pauls, five male kapos, and five female guards were the product of the first of four Stutthof trials held in 1946-1947. He was also tried in juvenile court despite his age, because his crimes were committed when he was a minor. Selection of monographs in PDF, Memorial to the Victims of the Stutthof Concentration Camp, Monografia KL Stutthof (KL Stutthof monograph), Zbrodnie hitlerowskie w obozie koncentracyjnym Stutthof: liczba ofiar w wietle rde i bada: prba bilansu, SS Main Economic and Administrative Office, International Youth Meeting Center in Owicim/Auschwitz, Rescue of Jews by Poles during the Holocaust, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stutthof_concentration_camp&oldid=1141333869, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2018, Articles needing additional references from December 2020, All articles needing additional references, Articles with Polish-language sources (pl), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Matzkau in Makowy (now within city limits of Gdask), This page was last edited on 24 February 2023, at 14:55. Holocaust survivor Abraham Koryski gave evidence in court on Monday, detailing the horrors he and other inmates endured at the Stutthoff concentration camp in the final years of World War II. It has been estimated that around half of the evacuated prisoners, over 25,000, died during the evacuation from Stutthof and its subcamps. The former secretary, who lives in a care home and is unnamed, had worked at the Stutthof camp near Danzig, in Nazi-occupied Poland. Inside of the barbed wire fences, horror and brutality was administered by the SS guards and workers inside of the camps. The number of inmates increased considerably in 1944, with Jews forming a significant proportion of the newcomers. When the guilty verdict came in, she declared, Life is indeed a pleasure, and pleasures are usually short.. As the Nazis consolidated their power in the 1930s, many younger people like Barkmann became enthralled by the Fuhrer and joined the Hitler Youth and other equivalents. Many drowned along the way. She was 36. 1939: 250 Polish citizens and P.O.W. She died in 2000. More than 85,000 victims died in the camp out of as many as 110,000 inmates deported there. The Stutthof trials were a series of war crime tribunals held in postwar Poland for the prosecution of Stutthof concentration camp staff and officials, responsible for the murder of up to 85,000 prisoners during the occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany in World War II. In total, of the approximately 2,000 SS men and women who ran the entire camp complex, 72 SS officers and six female overseers were brought to justice. The major subcamps were Thorn and Elbing. [23][22][29], The main German concentration camp in Stutthof had as many as 40 sub-camps during World War II. Shortly before the German surrender, some prisoners were transferred to Malm, Sweden, and released into the care of that neutral country. Several thousand prisoners were directed towards the nearby Baltic coast and hundreds were forced into the sea and shot. One camp which was established in Poland was Stutthof Concentration Camp, and throughout its time in operation around 65,000 people died at the camp. The rest were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment. RIDING through the grounds of Buchenwald concentration camp in Germany, Ilse Koch spotted a tattooed prisoner and pointed him out to a nearby guard - sealing his gruesome fate. In 1944 she became a guard at the Stutthof Concentration camp. Koryski told the court it "was no secret" that people were being killed in the camp's gas chamberbefore being burned, because of the smell that spread through the barracks. Manfred Goldberg was 13 when he was sent to Stutthof concentration camp near the coast of the Baltic Sea in August 1943. Ackermann, who delivered the lamp, said that its base was made from a human foot and shinbone and the shade had tattoos and even nipples. Other inmates labored in local brickyards, in private industrial enterprises, in agriculture, or in the camp's own workshops. Set up immediately upon Germanys September 1, 1939 invasion of Poland and not liberated until after official German capitulation in 1945, Stutthoff handled over 100,000 prisoners during its long service. The camp is east of modern-day Gdansk and a short walk from the sea. Koch told the court the shades were goatskin, and prosecutors at the trial found there was no evidence to prove they were human flesh. The area was secluded: to the north was the Bay of Danzig, to the east the Vistula Bay, and to the west the Vistula River. By the end of the war at least 110,000 were deported there, including Jewish detainees and Soviet prisoners of war. The remainder were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment. Who is Rod Ponton and why has he gone viral? The trial is set to begin in October. Read more:Poland moves to make it illegal to say 'Polish death camps'. They were cut off by advancing Soviet forces. Often described as one of historys cruellest women, Elizabeth Volkenrath selected thousands of women and children to be sent to the gas chambers. "Worst of all were the whips.". The lamp disappeared after the SS leadership found out. She was also notorious for beating inmates unconscious, often with a rubber truncheon, and she once pushed an old lady down a flight of stairs, killing her instantly. In June 2022, a 101-year-old former guard at the Sachsenhausen concentration camp (north of Berlin) was sentenced to five years in prison. However, he was tried in a juvenile court due to being about 17 at that time. Ilse also had a deadly fascination for tattoos and, at a later trial for war crimes, witnesses said she selected men with the best body art for slaughter - turning their skin into lampshades and book covers. The Stutthof concentration camp is less well known than the camps at Auschwitz, Buchenwald or Dachau. She committed suicide in 1967. Erected in 1939, it saw two horrific epidemics of typhus kill thousands of its already dying population in 1942 and 1944. [33][34] He was charged as a juvenile, as he was under 21 at the time of the offense. Rising to the rank of supervisor at 19, she also worked at Auschwitz and Belsen, where she was arrested by British forces in 1945. Finally, in January 1942, Stutthof became a regular concentration camp. National Socialism was RIGHT and we will return and we will remember things like this, so lowlife like you had better beware. 13 Amazing Photos of the Construction of the Empir. [33] Being tried at the age of 94, court proceedings were limited to no more than two hours per day and two non-consecutive days per week. The selection process for these guards was lax. Berlin CNN A former secretary from the Stutthof Nazi concentration camp has been charged with complicity in the murders of 10,000 people, German prosecutors said Friday, in what is a rare. After being tracked down by Nazi hunter Simon Weisenthal, in 1973, she was retried and jailed for life by a Dusseldorf court. Now 92, he vividly remembers the five camps and sub-camps of Stutthof that he was sent to. A group of thirteen ex-officials of the Stutthof concentration camp were arraigned before a Soviet/Polish Special Criminal Court at Gdansk, from April 25, 1946 to May 31, 1946. The former nurse took a four-week training course and was sent as an overseer to the Stutthof camp near Danzig.. PD-Polish Public Domain. Basic Information", "Review of Profesor Rudolf Spanner 1895-1960. Gas chambers had been in operation in Nazi death camps since 1942 in German-occupied Poland but it was not until June 1944 that Zyklon B gas was used at Stutthof. During the Second World War, there were a huge network of concentration camps established by the Third Reich. American survivor Asia Shindelman, who testified via video link, said she had been taken there with her parents, uncle and grandmother and witnessed prisoners being thrown by guards into electrified fences. They were publicly hanged before a large crowd, estimated at several thousand, at 5.00 p.m. on July 4th, 1946 at Biskupia Gorka hill near Danzig. Procesy", "KARA MIERCI W GDASKU 19451987 Encyklopedia Gdaska". Babysitter 'with black heart' filmed herself sexually abusing toddler before sending video to her paedophile lover, Piers Morgan slams 'disgusting' 500 parking charges for NHS staff as Grant Shapps admits 'something's gone wrong'. [17] Between 63,000 and 65,000 people died in the camp. The Executions of Nazi Stutthof camp SS female guards and kapos by former camp prisoners ThePastQuest 96K views 7 months ago Execution of Maria Masha Bruskina by nazi publicly hanging at. Why Did Ancient Egyptian Men Wear Makeup? Stutthof concentration camp Stutthof was a Nazi concentration camp established by Nazi Germany in a secluded, marshy, and wooded area near the small town of Stutthof (now Sztutowo) 34 km (21 mi) east of the city of Danzig in the territory of the Free City of Danzig. In 1943, the camp was enlarged and a new camp was constructed alongside the earlier one. [39] On 28 September 2021, Frau Furchner left her home in Hamburg and failed to show for her hearing, she was captured on 30 September 2021 and the hearing was rescheduled for 19 October 2021. Of the 55,000 guards who worked in the Third Reichs concentration camps, 3,700 were women, many of who were volunteers. In December of the same year, a 97-year-old former secretary of the Stutthof concentration camp in present-day Poland was given a two-year suspended prison sentence. Many prisoners died in typhus epidemics that swept the camp in the winter of 1942 and again in 1944. Such marches became common, as the Nazis sought to erase evidence of their crimes, and many of the detainees were killed as the war neared its end. Again, hundreds of prisoners were forced into the sea and shot. Due to the stark contrast between her physical attractiveness and her barbaric behavior, the prisoners dubbed her the Beautiful Spectre.. She died in 1989. Quiz: How well do you know US presidents? The camp was set up around existing structures after the invasion of Poland in World War II and initially used for the imprisonment of Polish leaders and intelligentsia. Check out our SECOND CHANNEL TheFortress for a new video EVERY DAY! This week, a 95-year-old woman was arrested in Germany and charged with complicity in the murders of 10,000 people - the first such case in recent years. He was tried in a juvenile court due to being about 17 at that time. The sixth and the last Stutthof trial in Poland took place in 1953 also in Gdask. [12] On February 25, 2019, it was announced that the trial is unlikely to be restarted due to the poor health conditions of the defendant. Frankly, a nice sight. An Israeli witness who survived the Nazi death camp at Stutthof has described how SS guards staged sadistic "shows" to torture prisoners. Again, hundreds of prisoners were forced into the sea and shot. A much higher total was reported by Colonel Howard A. Buechner, the chief medical officer of the 45th Infantry Division, who was at the camp during and after the liberation. Over 4,000 were sent by small boat to Germany, some to the Neuengamme concentration camp near Hamburg, and some to camps along the Baltic coast. Stutthof was the first Nazi concentration camp to be established on Polish soil, and the last to be dissolved, it grew from 4 to 120 hectares, from 250 prisoners to a maximum of 52,000 prisoners at one time, the SS staff and guards numbered 1,056 on 1 January 1945. It was turned into a concentration camp by its second commandant, SS-Hauptsturmfhrer Josef Kramer, and was used to house those prisoners who had become too weak to work as forced labour in German factories. The people who did this and all adults who watched it (I notice there are even very young children watching, says a lot about the sort of people perpetrating these disgusting CRIMES) should be tried and punished. Stutthof Concentration Camp. Arraigned 24 ex-officials and guards of the Stutthof concentration camp were judged and found guilty. a 97-year-old former Nazi camp secretary was found guilty of complicity in the murder of more than 10,000 people at the Stutthof concentration camp located in occupied Poland. At the age of 24, she accompanied a death march of women from central Poland to Bergen-Belsen. An additional trial was attempted in November 2018, when Johann Rehbogen was accused of being an accessory to murder. One such guard was Jenny Barkmann, who earned the moniker Beautiful Spectre.. Hitler shot his brains out in despair. She kicked me so hard that I fell. Not to be confused with, Location of the former Stutthof concentration camp in Poland, The execution of the SS overseers of the Stutthof concentration camp: Becker, Klaff, Steinhoff, and Pauls on 4 July 1946, with priest, Camps, ghettos, execution sites and attacks, Perpetrators, participants, organizations, and collaborators, Resistance, victims, documentation and technical, M. Tomkiewicz, P. Semkw: Profesor Rudolf Maria Spanner naukowiec czy eksperymentator? Arrested with Josef Kramer - the Beast of Belsen - Grese was sentenced to death by the British Military Court and, in December 1945, she was hanged. From Gdask bus station, board the number 870 bus marked either 'Sztutowo' or 'Krynica Morska' from Platform 2 (Note that the service varies on . [12], The first 150 inmates, imprisoned on 2 September 1939, were selected among Poles and Jews arrested in Danzig immediately after the outbreak of war. Sadistic Koch - known as the Witch of Buchenwald - was just one of many women who murdered, maimed and tortured Jewish prisoners in the Holocaust. 2023 BBC. Located 22 miles east of Danzig, Stutthof became a regular concentration camp in January 1942. When the final evacuation began, there were nearly 50,000 prisoners, the overwhelming majority of them Jews, in the Stutthof camp system. She was sentenced to death, alongside Bormann and Grese, after being found guilty of crimes against humanity. It is also the last camp liberated by the Allies (May 10th 1945). A former SS guard at a concentration camp, charged with aiding and abetting hundreds of murders, is standing trial in Mnster's district court. Ten were sentenced to death. The evacuation of prisoners from the Stutthof camp system in northern Poland began in January 1945. Jenny-Wanda Barkmann was born on May 30, 1922, in Hamburg. Originally, it was a civil prison camp for political enemies of the . We would like to thank Crown Family Philanthropies and the Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. He was found guilty and sentenced to death with 11 other defendants. After beginning her career at the all-female camp, Lichtenberg, the dedicated Nazi used brutality and cruelty to work to her way up to the highest female rank possible, Oberaufseherin, or chief guard. During the Holocaust, the Aufseherinnen were the female guards in the concentration camps. The commandant of the Stutthof and Neuengamme concentration camps SS-Sturmbannfhrer Max Pauly was sentenced to death in Germany at about the same time. [37] On 23 July 2020, he was given a two-year suspended sentence by the court in Hamburg. In total, 23,566 Jews (including 21,817 women) were transferred to Stutthof from Auschwitz, and 25,053 (including 16,123 women) from camps in the Baltic states. The camp was situated along the Danzig-Elbing highway on the way to the popular Baltic Sea resort town of Krynica Morska. The initiative for the foundation of SS companies dealing in building materials from concentration camps originated in 1937 with regional SS officials in Thuringia, especially the state's Interior Minister Hellmuth Gommlich [].

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