Later, white settlers who arrived in the region looking for gold in 1849 reveled in the tiny desert oasis. Photos showed Rose, her mom and Bill Alter hugging as they were told that the search was over. Haunted 'Devil's Pool' in Cairns rainforest has claimed at least 19 lives Aboriginal lore says spirit of a heartbroken woman lures men to their deaths Of the 19 deaths, 17 have reportedly been men . It is a water-filled hole in Death Valley that houses a rare pup fish. Two divers disappeared in Devil's Hole in 1965. [14] Riggs and Deacon, Connectivity in Desert Aquatic Ecosystems, 1. Devils Hole is nestled within the Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, an incredibly biodiverse, spring-fed oasis in southern Nevada. Alter and Rose then frantically dove again to find their friend. A resident of La Quinta, California, Jaskulski was a respected leader in the diving community. Today, it is generally accepted that their distinctive morphology has resulted from intensified challenges within their extremely limited environment, which is home to the entire wild population of C. diabolishovering at about 100 observable pupfishmaking it the smallest habitat of any known vertebrate species in the world. Still, it would take an awful lot of pupfish to feed just a few individuals. [15] The pupfish has been described as the world's rarest fish,[16] with a population of 263 as of 2022. If humans were indeed responsible for introducing C. diabolis to the pool, then it may have occurred more recentlypossibly less than a few hundred years ago, as proposed by a recent scientific paper. The 2010 study, which took over more than ten years to develop was, in part, driven by the effort to site a high-level nuclear waste repository deep within Yucca Mountain, located directly north of Ash Meadows. One night in 1965, several kids jumped the fence and got in. Efforts to prevent the species from being wiped out have been successful in recent years in spring of 2022 the National Park Service reported a count of 175 fish, the highest count in 22 years. All they know is that these are water-filled caves. At that point, the Devils Hole opens up wide, and I can tell you one thing. Until very recently the scientific community has commonly held that C. diabolis has endured here for at least 10,000 yearspossibly up to 20,000within this nearly inhospitable submerged cavern environment. [10] In March 2017, underwater cinematographer Jonathan Bird received permission to assist scientists in a four-day expedition to take water and calcite core samples. In Death Valley National Park, Devil's Hole is a tiny spot of water in an otherwise desolate and inhospitable environment. How and when C. diabolis ended up in Devils Hole is a continuing mystery. Devils Hole "may be the smallest habitat in the world containing the entire population of a vertebrate species". The 12,000-foot Spring Mountains range, located to the east and southeast of Ash Meadows, along with the Pahranagat, Sheep and other smaller eastern ranges, are the primary high-elevation source for groundwater discharged in the region. The newspapers reported that she wept at the cave entrance as the search and rescue team worked, but failed to find her brother or husband. [9][6], A subsequent USGS exploration into Devils Hole in 1991 by Alan Riggs, Paul DeLoach, and Sheck Exley entered what they found out to be a narrow tube rather than an 'Infinity Room' at 315 feet (96m), descending to a depth of 436 feet (133m). I went to a depth of 175 feet and couldnt find him.. [3] According to geologists, the caves were formed over 500,000 years ago. A wild Devils Hole pupfish forages along a mat of Spirogyra algae, the main food for the few hundred individuals living in Devils Hole. The path leads you to a naturally formed crater in the cliffs, believed to have been created by the collapse of a cave. As the poster fish for conservation biology, C. diabolis seems to defy the assertion that small, isolated populations of organisms cannot possibly persist over time. The tragedy that took two young lives at Devils Hole in the Mojave Desert on a summer night in 1965, reported across the country in dozens of wire stories at the time, involves several. At the time, around 220 survived in Devils Hole, but since the 1990s, the species has been in significant decline, sinking to just 35 fish in 2013. The young mens illicit nocturnal dive may have been inspired by a newspaper article from the previous year detailing a speleological research expedition of a massive underground lake below Death Valley, led by California-based professional diver Jim Houtzwho would ironically dive numerous times round-the-clock with military personnel and other volunteer divers in their futile attempt to locate the missing men until their search was called off thirty-six hours later. One curious reason that the underground lake is thought to descend much farther into the Earth than other caves is the strange effect distant seismic activity has on the surface water there. Park diver dies after swim test incident. Four high school friends David Rose, 20, who the AP reported was a Las Vegas casino parking attendant; Paul Giancontieri, 19, a cafeteria worker at the nearby Nevada nuclear test site; and brothers Bill, 19, and Jack, 20, Alter headed to the spot, 90 miles northwest of Vegas, armed with some amateur diving gear and a whole lot of courage that Sunday night. The bottom of the room is about 260 feet down, then it narrows into another tube. Giancontieri and Rose were gone. Devils Hole is a limestone cavern that leads down to a pool of deep, warm water in southern Nevada that is home to the Devils Hole Pupfish. [5] Christopher J. Norment, Relicts of a Beautiful Sea: Survival, Extinction, and Conservation in a Desert World (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2014), 124. We had four guys. Jim Houtz reconnoitered to a depth of 315 feet, then a record, but found no bodies, only a dive chart and a fading flashlight. Fish and Aquatic; Pupfish; It formed thousands of years ago as a limestone cave. Devils Hole is an oasis within Death Valley unlike any other in the world. using hot water and Steramine followed by at least 30 days of air-drying is required by the National Park Service to prevent contamination of the underwater ecosystem. The Devils Hole pupfish is the smallest desert pupfish species in the Cyprinodon genus. However, since the late 1990s, the pupfish population has substantially decreased. Its unclear if the boys knew about the pupfish that day, but they almost certainly endangered the entire species fragile existence as they lowered themselves into the water. It can be very difficult to enter into the water (steep sides). I get down into the lower chamber and there I found a mask with a snorkel on it and a fin. David Rose and Paul Giantontieri entered with friends, but never came back out. They are the smallest of the desert pupfish species, averaging 19 millimetres (0.75 in) in length. The Devil's Throat is considered a "must dive" experience by . Jim Houtz reconnoitered to a depth of 315 feet, then a record, but found no bodies. The Divers Alert Network named him diver of the year in 2004. Divers at Devils Hole By Ecosystems. Located near the Japanese coast in the Pacific Ocean, the Devil's Sea (Ma-no Umi in Japanese) is one of the twelve Vile Vortices located around the earth. stone formations in devils garden, hole in the rock road, grand staircase-escalante national monument, utah, usa - devils hole stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images Illustration picture shows a hole in the net during a soccer game between the U21 Red Devils and Wales, Friday 09 October 2020 in Leuven, the sixth. [12] Riggs and Deacon, Connectivity in Desert Aquatic Ecosystems, 11-12. The walls are limestone. [16] Norment, Relicts of a Beautiful Sea, 187. The Devil's hole area was named a National Wildlife Refuge in 1984 to protect the endangered pupfish. One test well drilled in the area (for irrigation of the land, of all things) caused the water level to drop. Brisbane man Shanon Hoffman, 37, failed to resurface at Babinda Boulders, near Cairns, while swimming with a friend on Monday evening. 0:05. He regularly scuba dived in Devils Hole to monitor the endangered Devils Hole pupfish. In March 2012, the NPS reported that cameras set up at the hole captured a tiny tsunami in the pond, in which the water sucked into the cave before surging up 4 feet. [16] With the regions rapid and surging population growth and the need for new groundwater sources, the DOE and federal government found it necessary to determine the groundwater flow patterns to evaluate the risks and possible long-term effects of contamination within the surrounding region. I'd love to hear about it.Contact: mojavemysteries (at) gmail.comCopyright 2017 Mojave Mysteries. The tube leading to Brown's Room has at least 2 offshoots, the higher of which leads to a dead-end filled with a small air pocket, and the lower of which joins with additional tubes descending from Brown's Room. Nitrogen poisoning. Their personality differs as well; Devils Hole pupfish are mostly laid back and males, rarely, if at all, defend their mating territories like their more aggressive cousins. Devil's Hole is a detached unit of Death Valley National Park within the Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge to protect the endangered pupfish that are found exclusively in its waters.. The earthquakea 7.4 magnitude temblor originating in Oaxaca, Mexico, centered twelve miles below the earths surface and some 2,000 miles away was the cause of this chaotic incident. The author thanks Kevin Wilson, ecologist and manager of the National Park Service Devils Hole program for graciously providing feedback for this dispatch. Police say about 20 people have died after . [13] Flowstone occurring above the waterline of Browns Room built up over time in thin, layered sheets of carbonate material like a sensuous veil of hardened alabaster flesh. Aside from its peculiar location, this complex cave system is home to the rarest fish in the world, the Devils Hole Pupfish. It was closed off after that. Sources/Usage. As. Footage from the scene reportedly showed one man vomiting on a boulder as another stripped down and lowered himself into the pool. These events occur when distant seismic waves that are normally undetectable by humans are amplified through the massive aquifer as water is forced up into the small chamber of the fissure, releasing intensified energy capable of generating tidal surges of up to four feet high. Named "Devil's Hole", this anomaly has played host to everything from Native American creature tales to being . Three young adventurers took the plunge into Devil's Hole in the darkness of nighttime on June 20th of 1965. They are found nowhere else, and no one is really sure how they got there. I also led a rescue there in 1965. Key to their survival is the 19-by-8-foot shallow shelf, a portion of the long collapsed limestone roof providing the pupfish with crucial foraging and spawning habitat. I know it goes down to over 900 feet. [9] Noted in correspondence with the author by Kevin Wilson, ecologist and manager of the National Park Service Devils Hole program, August 2015. Within this subterranean maze, fossil water is banked at depths up to 2.5 miles below the earths surface through an endless maze of Paleozoic carbonate rock formations, chambers and networks that are connected by a series of fractures, fissures and fault systems that can impede, enhance and store groundwater flows. Devils Hole pupfish - among the rarest fish on earth - know a thing or two about earthquake safety. They are rarely found more than 2-3 feet from the surface, but the maximum depth is over 300 feet. [6] In spite of this, no firm paleohydrogeological evidence so far supports an inflow or overflow connection here from a pluvial waterbody that would have provided a conduit for colonization.[7]. [20][22], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}362531N 1161729W / 36.425312N 116.291458W / 36.425312; -116.291458. The Mojave Project strives to acknowledge and illuminate the histories and stories of Indigenous people of the Mojave Desertthe Chemehuevi, Mojave, Serrano, Southern Paiute, Timbisha Shoshone and Western Shoshoneall who continue to occupy and persist throughout this arid region today. [17] This was not the first or last time this type of seismic event would occur here, suggesting that complex interrelated geological machinations deep at work within the earths crust are connected to far distant geographical points and are more complicated than we can ever imagine. They were going skin-diving that fateful Sunday night, and were presumably simply eager to make memories among their friend group. [20] Conflicts of the ownership and use of the groundwater around Devils Hole caused litigation in the 1980s. In a further tragic twist to the scene, the two missing young men had recently become brothers-in-law Giancontieris 20-year-old sister Paula had married Rose two months earlier, the AP wrote. Stanley the "sausage dog" disappeared without a trace on Saturday morning as he was walking on cliff paths at Devil's Hole. 2 Much of Ash Meadows is also now a national wildlife refuge, and it is possible to walk along boardwalk trails and see the relatives of the Devils Hole They lack pelvic fins and have large heads and long anal fins. Bronze colors, every color in the rainbow. The bottom of Acree's Chamber lies around 260 feet (79m) below the surface, but is not flat. Andrew has written for The Atlantic, Vice, SF Weekly, the San Francisco Chronicle, McSweeney's, The Bold Italic, Drowned in Sound and many other places. One was a Senators son. Amazingly, the water bubbling up from the subterranean depths is estimated to have resulted from precipitation and snow that fell on these mountains during the late Pleistocenewell over 10,000 years ago. To this day, no one knows how deep the cave goes. The guys were never found. Today, there are modest signs that the population is growing; the last population count was 136. The 40 acres (16ha) unit is part of the Ash Meadows complex, an area of desert uplands and spring-fed oases that was designated as a National Wildlife Refuge in 1984. [17] Genetic information indicates that the pupfish species is as old as the Hole itself, which opened to the surface about 60,000 years ago. The Indigenous peoples of the regionthe Western Shoshone, Timbisha and Southern Paiutealways knew and respected this great underground aqueous resource. The Devils Hole pupfish first was identified in 1930. Twice a year, dive teams descend more than 100 feet into the waters of Devils Hole to count the extremely rare Devils Hole pupfish. Myths notwithstanding, Timbisha Shoshone elders have anecdotally shared that as children they enjoyed having the pupfish tickle [sic] their toes while they played at the spring.[3]. Immediately after passing the funnel into Acree's Chamber, a narrow side tube can be found to a diver's left. Devils Hole, a disjunct portion of Death Valley National Park, is a water-filled, geothermal cave system and the only natural habitat for the highly endangered Devils Hole pupfish (Cyprinodon diabolis). Blues, so blue, they are nearly white. A man who went missing at a notorious swimming hole on Monday, and later died, has been named as Shanon Hoffman, 37, from Brisbane. [12] The folia, another carbonate morphology created by subtle waxing and waning of semidiurnal tidal movements and water-level changes, serve as a record of water-table fluctuations formed over the last 120,000 years. The body of a missing camper who disappeared in a notorious Queensland swimming hole known as Devil's Pool has been found. It is at an elevation of 730m (2,400ft) above sea level[1] and the water is a constant temperature of 33C (91F). Devils Hole is a detached unit of Death Valley National Park adjacent to Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge in Nye . [6] C. nevadensis Shoshone was considered extinct by the late 1960s but rediscovered in 1986. Due to the tragedy in the strange corner of Nevada, Devils Hole briefly fell into the national spotlight, but no one could really describe what it actually was. [11] The IMAX footage was included in the 2020 film Ancient Caves and extra footage was used to create the video documentary Exploring Devils Hole on YouTube. [18][19], The pupfish have been protected since being declared an endangered species in 1967. In 1962, two divers attempted to explore it and died. [1] Leroy & Jean Johnson, Escape from Death Valley (Reno and Las Vegas: University of Nevada Press, 1987), 160. The groupPaul Giancontieri, 19, a cafeteria worker at the nearby Nevada Test Site and his new brother-in-law David Rose, 20, a Las Vegas casino parking attendant, along with Bill Alter, 19, and his younger brother Jack scrambled under a fenced enclosure posted with warning signs, and proceeded to descend the thirty or so rocky feet down to a ledge where the faint, but flitting movements of tiny blue-grey pupfish could be observed swimming in the 8-by-60-foot pool if one bothered to look closely. After a large-scale search involving the Fire Service, Police and dozens of islanders, drones have now been called in to find a much-loved missing Dachshund. Some called it a sump hole into an underground river; other reports called it an extinct geyser, or a skylight to the water table.. The Devil's Sea, also known as the Dragon's Triangle, is one of such sailors' nightmares in the waters around the world. Its a drunken state, and you get lightheaded. [13], Located 650 feet (200m) north of Devils Hole is a separate cave system called Devils Hole Cave (#2). The cavern's ominous reputation was sealed when Charles Manson selected the Hole as his potential refuge during the end times. As several websites suggest, Manson may have been spurred by an alleged Indian legend that surfaced during the 1920s, contending that a subterranean sect of leather-clad humanoids lived down within an eerily yellow-green lit abode somewhere in the Mojave Desert. DEATH VALLEY, CA - A long-term Death Valley National Park volunteer passed away on Saturday following complications while participating in a routine swim test to maintain his National Park Service dive certification. [8], On June 20, 1965, during the second dive of a rescue and then body recovery mission, Jim Houtz with his dive partner, dropped a weighted depth line to a depth of 932 feet (284m) from the start of this opening, without hitting the bottom of the chamber below. More than a century before the ill-fated men disappeared into their watery grave, Death Valley Forty-Niner Louis Nusbaumer, whose immigrant party had camped near Devils Hole in the winter of 1849, visited the formidable pool. Sometime after midnight, Giancontieri failed to resurface, so Rose and Alter quickly re-dove in a vain attempt to locate their missing friend. [5] U.S. The search for a missing 18-year-old girl who vanished at a 'cursed' swimming hole has ended in tragedy as her body has been pulled from the water. The US Geological Survey reports that they saw down to a depth of 500 feet, though they were not able to actually see the bottom of the cave. [1], Devils Hole branches into caverns at least 130m (430ft) deep,[2] whose bottom has never been mapped. 3.41. A second . The ancestors of todays desert pupfish are thought to have colonized the American Southwest more than two million years ago via the Colorado River and other tributaries, when a system of interconnected pluvial lakes and marshes spread across the landscape. In early 2013, the population dwindled to a record low 35 pupfish. The mammillary morphology, deposited through precipitation of groundwater supersaturated with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) over a span of 500,000 years, informs paleoclimatologists through radiometric dating techniques of climatic variations over time. Anyway. Their publicized disappearance set into motion a series of revelations concerning deep time, interconnected hydrogeological sublimity, time-traveling Indigenous shamans, distant seismic events, genetic conundrums, capitalistic greed and consequent environmental exploitation. The only reason I was able to make these dives was because Id been training for it for the narcosis. At the entrance to the valley to the right is a hole in the rocks which contains magnificent warm water in which Hadapp and I enjoyed an extremely refreshing bath, he reported, also noting, the saline cavity itself presents a magical appearance.[1] Their guide, William Lewis Manly, mentioned in his memoirs this miners bathtub, noting the presence of some little minus [sic] in [it], which were first collected during the Death Valley Expedition of the U.S. biological survey of the region in 1891. 102. During an oral interview conducted by the author at the Timbisha Village in Death Valley National Park on October 20, 2015, Ms. Durham said that she did not personally play or swim in Devils Hole as a child, as this paper incorrectly states. The Southern Paiute branch of the Shoshone, ancestors of contemporary Timbisha People, later took up seasonal residence here until they were displaced, for the most part, by Euro-American settlers after the mid-nineteenth century. [7] Efforts by five divers to later find their bodies were unsuccessful. [5] Since no sunlight reaches the water, algae cannot grow and no fish species are found. It is part of an extensive underground water system. Similar studies had been done in Devils Hole but are no longer permitted due to the endangered status of the Devils Hole pupfish. An illustration printed in various newspapers alongside articles reporting the death of the two amateur divers in June, 1965. Earlier mitochondrial DNA analysis suggested that Devils Hole pupfish genetically diverged from its closest relative, C. nevadensis mionectes, between 200,000 and 600,000 years ago[5], though this molecular dating technique is fraught with inconsistencies. You should plan on bringing vertical gear to get in and out of the sink (there is an old ladder but not really safe! The military, state police. I said, Im going to recover the rest of this equipment and Ill do one more thing to confirm. Once on the floor, there is a small crawl-through restriction that leads to another room. [17] Peter Bryne, Pupfish, Downfish: Subterranean Tsunami Gives Vertical Shakes to the Water-Hole Home of Endangered Fishes, Scientific American, March 27, 2012. The actual depth of Devils Hole itself is still not known; USGS divers Alan Riggs and Paul DeLoach with the late renowned cave diver Sheck Exley reached 436 feet in 1991, stating that they could see an additional 150 feet before they lost sight as the chamber curved sharply downwards. No other sources seem to reiterate what Jim has to say about a depth of >900 feet, and in limestone (a very soft rock) that seems unlikely, but stranger things have happened. A well-trodden trail led to the entrance of a limestone chasm that had opened to the heavens some 60,000 years ago after some likely impressive seismic event caused the roof of the cave to collapse inwards. In an intoxicated, mischief-filled adventure, reported by the NPS,(one the men barely remembered when arrested days later), they shot out the surveillance camera, scaled the fence, stripped naked and punched each other in the balls. Brett Seymour/NPS Submerged Resources Center In 1965, Paul Giancontieri, a teenager who jumped the fence with friends to go SCUBA diving the hole did not come back up. According to the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, their tiny habitat is the smallest range of any vertebrate species on the planet. On the run, according to Atlas Obscura, he reportedly scoped out the cave as a shelter for his delusional and murderous Family. Manson would be caught a few months later hiding under a sink at his hideout at nearby Barker Ranch in October 1969. A three-man team, led by Walter S. Chamberlin of the Privacy Policy. It was a very sad, very solemn moment. We tried to land in a place called Ash Meadows on the California/Nevada border, but the plane had to come over a mountain and drop over a very short runway the pilot tried three, four times and he couldnt do it. Upon entering the pool the boys most likely disturbed the delicate algae spawning mats where the entire population of the exceedingly rare Cyprinodon diabolis continues to prosper and breed exclusively. The fish mainly live near the surface on the rocky shelf, at a depth of 1.14 feet, and feed on the Spirogyra and Plectonemaalgae that grow on the rocky sides of the pool, but scuba divers . Thomas Jaskulski, 72, had been a key member of the Devils Hole Dive Team since 1992. Nobody knows precisely how deep Devil's Hole is; tethered weights go to at least 485 feet, with more to go. A few years after the 1965 deaths, Charles Manson convinced his followers to set in motion a bogus race war through the Tate-LaBianca murders in LA. Heres how Houtz himself described the holes underground topography to the AP: Its beautiful in there. After suiting up with scuba tanks, masks and dive lights, Paul, David and Bill dove into the womblike watersthe temperature nearly indistinguishable from that of our skin. The depth of Devils Hole, a fossil water portal into an ancient aquifer in Nye County, Nevada is still not known. A few hundred feet from a dusty road now known as Devils Hole Road in Nye County, the small bluff that hides the pool is accessible only by foot. The only thing down there now is bones. For more information, please see our 49 ratings3 reviews. Quartz. The Great Blue Hole off the coast of Belize is the world's biggest ocean sinkhole, measuring 1,000 feet across and over 400 feet in depth. Click here to learn about Indigenous acknowledgment & the lands you occupy. Devils Hole is a window into this vast aquifer and an unusual indicator of seismic activity around the world. This provided further evidence that Devils Hole cave system was connected to not only the Death Valley Regional Groundwater Flow System, but possibly to even further-reaching underground water systems[citation needed]. Behrman tells the story of a group of scuba divers who went missing in Death Valley's "Devil's Hole", a mysterious watering spot steeped in Nativ. Its like infinity: Inside the historic tragedy at Death Valley's Devils Hole, Image via Getty Images; Illustration by SFGATE, Stephen Osman/Los Angeles Times via Getty Imag, Gina Ferazzi/Los Angeles Times via Getty Imag, Image via Getty & Newspapers.com; Illustration by SFGATE, Horoscope for Friday, 3/03/23 by Christopher Renstrom, No seriously, dont drive up to Tahoe this weekend, Snowboarder dies at Tahoe ski resort following historic blizzard, Horoscope for Saturday, 3/04/23 by Christopher Renstrom, Wife of Jeffrey Vandergrift issues somber update, The Warriors broke Russell Westbrook, just like old times, Oakland ransomware attackers leak 'confidential' data, Mochi muffin bakery closes SF cafe after just 4 months, Even Salesforces tower HQ isnt safe from office cuts, Scream publicity stunt floods Bay Area dispatch with 911 calls, The best fried chicken is at a San Francisco strip club, American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Officials warn Bay Area travelers to avoid Tahoe this weekend, expect delays, Amazon to shutter all Amazon Go stores in San Francisco, Snowboarder dies at Tahoe's Heavenly ski resort following recent blizzard, Wife of missing San Francisco DJ Jeffrey Vandergrift issues somber update, Russell Westbrook must have been seeing ghosts against the Warriors, Your Privacy Choices (Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads). They said, are there any air pockets in those caves down there? and I said yeah. I get up to Los Alamitos with my guys and this seaplane a Grumman Albatross was on the runway, engines running. 1:07. The bodies of the brothers-in-law were never to be recovered. I went to the surface and notified everybody about what we found. During the futile rescue mission in 1965 for the missing young men, diver Jim Houtz rather exuberantly, if somewhat offhandedly, commented to the press on the sheer beauty of the underwater cave: The sides are limestone, the most beautiful limestone I have ever seen. According to High Country News, in protesting the ruling, the farmers attorney told reporters, There are two endangered species here: the pupfish and the American rancher.. [11] Cleaning and disinfection of diving equipment, climbing gear, cameras, etc. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. Theres no reflection down there. It is home to the only population of the Devil's Hole pupfish, which lives in the top few feet of this pool of water. University of Arizona researchers caught the April 4 El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake on videotape.

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