4. RN, BSN, PHNClinical Nurse Instructor, Emergency Room Registered NurseCritical Care Transport NurseClinical Nurse Instructor for LVN and BSN students. They are as follows: Ineffective Airway Clearance Impaired Gas Exchange Ineffective Breathing Pattern Risk for Infection Acute Pain Decreased Activity Tolerance Hyperthermia Risk for Deficient Fluid Volume Risk for Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements Factors that increase the risk of nosocomial pneumonia in surgical patients include: older adults (older than 70 years), obesity, COPD, other chronic lung diseases (e.g., asthma), history of smoking, abnormal pulmonary function tests (especially decreased forced expiratory flow rate), intubation, and upper abdominal/thoracic surgery. d. Normal capillary oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange. Pneumonia is an acute bacterial or viral infection that causes inflammation of the lung parenchyma (alveolar spaces and interstitial tissue). If there are some questions or clarifications when it comes to their medicines, make sure to find time to explain to him/her so that this will ensure compliance with the treatment. Bronchoconstriction d. Bradycardia Gram-negative pneumonia is associated with a high mortality rate, even with appropriate antibiotic therapy. 3. The available treatments of pneumonia can give a good prognosis to the patient for as long as he or she complies with it. These techniques mentioned will greatly help the patient to avoid respiratory distress and assist the body to take in oxygen and avoid hypoxia. b. b. A 70-year-old patient presents to the emergency department with symptoms that indicate pneumonia. b. 8. 2) Ensure that the home is well ventilated. b. nursing care plan for pneumonia nursing care plan for stroke nursing care . The patient is admitted with pneumonia, and the nurse hears a grating sound when she assesses the patient. Volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each breath b. "You should get the inactivated influenza vaccine that is injected every year." Awakening with dyspnea, wheezing, or cough. b. Nutritional-metabolic: Decreased fluid intake, anorexia and rapid weight loss, obesity Discharge from the hospital is expected if the patient has at least five of the following indicators: temperature 37.7C or less, heart rate 100 beats/minute or less, heart rate 24 breaths/minute or less, systolic blood pressure (SBP) 90 mm Hg or more, oxygen saturation greater than 92%, and ability to maintain oral intake. Cancer of the lung associated with increased fluid loss in the presence of tachypnea, fever, or diaphoresis Desired outcome: at least 24 hours before hospital discharge, the patient is normovolemic, i.e., has a urine output of 30 mL/h or greater, stable weight, heart rate less than 100 bpm, blood pressure greater than 90 mm Hg, fluid intake equal to fluid excretion, moist mucous membranes, and normal skin turgor. Popkin, B. M., DAnci, K. E., & Rosenberg, I. H. (2010). c. Persistent swelling of the neck and face d. Oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry. The pH is also decreased in mixed venous blood gases because of the higher partial pressure of carbon dioxide in venous blood (PvCO2). b. The nurse determines effective discharge teaching for a patient with pneumonia when the patient makes which statement? The patient is positioned and instructed not to talk or cough to avoid damage to the lung. Select all that apply. Pleural friction rub occurs with pneumonia and is a grating or creaking sound. At the end of the span of care, the patient will be able to have an effective, regular, and improved respiratory pattern within a normal range (12-20 cycles per minute). This intervention decreases pain during coughing, thereby promoting a more effective cough. The parietal pleura is a membrane that lines the chest cavity. Obtain the supplies that will be used. Otherwise, scroll down to view this completed care plan. 5) e. Observe for signs of hypoxia during the procedure. Pulse oximetry may not be a reliable indicator of oxygen saturation in which patient? d. Parietal pleura. Older adults may be confused or disoriented and have a low-grade fever but few other signs and symptoms. Nursing Diagnosis 1: Risk for fluid volume deficit related to increased fluid losses secondary to diarrhea and decreased fluid intake; Nursing Diagnosis 2: Impaired gas exchange related to pneumonia and decreased oxygen saturation levels; 2. Summarize why people were unsuccessful over 1,000 years ago when they tried to transform lead into gold. When inflamed, the air sacs may produce fluid or pus which can cause productive cough and difficulty breathing. Why does a patient's respiratory rate increase when there is an excess of carbon dioxide in the blood? Early small airway closure contributes to decreased PaO2. Tachycardia (resting heart rate [HR] more than 100 bpm). c. An electrolarynx held to the neck d. Assess arterial blood gases every 8 hours. Note: A risk diagnosis is not evidenced by signs and symptoms as the problem has not yet occurred and the goal of nursing interventions is aimed at prevention. Administer antibiotics.A diagnosis of pneumonia will warrant antibiotic treatment. Major nursing care planning goals for COVID-19 may include: Establishing goals, interventions. - Patients with sputum smear-positive TB are considered infectious for the first 2 weeks after starting treatment. Impaired gas exchange is the state in which there is an excess or deficit in oxygenation or in the elimination of carbon dioxide at the level of the alveolocapillary membrane. Impaired Gas Exchange is a NANDA nursing diagnosis that is used for conditions where there is an alteration in the balance between the exchange of gases in the lungs. Pulmonary embolism does not manifest in this way, and assessing for it is not required in this case. Expresses concern about his facial appearance f. Instruct the patient not to talk during the procedure. Viruses such as RSV (common cause in infants age 1 and below), flu and cold viruses can cause viral pneumonia, which is the second most common type of pneumonia. Long-term denture use Pink, frothy sputum would be present in CHF and pulmonary edema. 2 8 Nursing diagnosis for pneumonia. The patient is infectious from the beginning of the first stage through the third week after onset of symptoms or until five days after antibiotic therapy has been started. Retrieved February 9, 2022, from. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. These interventions help facilitate optimum lung expansion and improve lungs ventilation. To assist in creating an accurate diagnosis and monitor effectiveness of medical treatment, particularly the antibiotics and fever-reducing drugs (e.g. f. Hyperresonance Although inadequately treated -hemolytic streptococcal infections may lead to rheumatic heart disease or glomerulonephritis, antibiotic treatment is not recommended until strep infections are definitely diagnosed with culture or antigen tests. Nursing Diagnosis: Ineffective Airway Clearance. 26: Upper Respiratory Problems / CH. A) Admit the patient to the intensive care unit. A 10-mm red indurated injection site could be a positive result for a nurse as an employee in a high-risk setting. Touching an infected object and then touching your nose or mouth can also transfer the germs. Start asking what they know about the disease and further discuss it with the patient. Nursing Diagnosis. A patient started treatment for sputum smear-positive tuberculosis (TB) 1 week prior to the home health nurse's visit. A) "I will need to have a follow-up chest x-ray in six to. Alveolar-capillary membrane changes (inflammatory effects) A) Pneumonia Why is the air pollution produced by human activities a concern? Bronchodilators: To dilate or relax the muscles on the airways. e. FVC: (5) Amount of air that can be quickly and forcefully exhaled after maximum inspiration Week 1 - Nursing Care of Patients with Respiratory Problems Influenza, Atelectasis, Pneumonia, TB, & Expert Help. usually occur after aspiration of oral pharyngeal flora or gastric contents in persons whose resistance is altered or whose cough mechanism is impaired, Bacteria enter the lower respiratory tract via three routes. The nurse can install an air filter machine that will help create a dust-free environment that will be ideal for a patient with pneumonia. Adjust the room temperature. Fever reducers and pain relievers. An ET tube has a higher risk of tracheal pressure necrosis. Use a sterile catheter for each suctioning procedure. The nurse expects which treatment plan? Which action does the nurse take next? Discussion Questions g. Self-perception-self-concept Auscultate breath sounds at least every 2 to 4 hours or as the patients condition dictates. a. Amount of air that can be quickly and forcefully exhaled after maximum inspiration Using a sphygmometer, auscultate the patients breath sounds for at least every 4 hours. If he or she cannot do it alone, make sure to place suction secretions at the bedside to use anytime. Her nursing career has led her through many different specialties including inpatient acute care, hospice, home health, case management, travel nursing, and telehealth, but her passion lies in educating through writing for other healthcare professionals and the general public. d. Avoid any changes in oxygen intervention for 15 minutes following the procedure. c. Remove the inner cannula if the patient shows signs of airway obstruction. Visualize and note some changes when it comes to the color of the skin, quality of mucous production, and nail beds. Keep skin clean and dry through frequent perineal care or linen changes. Ackley, B. J., Ladwig, G. B., Makic, M. B., Martinez-Kratz, M. R., & Zanotti, M. (2020). There is an induration of only 5 mm at the injection site. Allow 90 minutes for. The nurse identifies a nursing diagnosis of impaired gas exchange for a patient with pneumonia based on which physical assessment findings? It is also inappropriate to advise the patient to stop taking antitubercular drugs. HR 68 bpm d. The patient cannot fully expand the lungs because of kyphosis of the spine. The nurse presents education about pertussis for a group of nursing students and includes which information? Desired Outcome: At the end of the span of care, the patient will be able to understand the transmission, disease process, and available treatments for pneumonia. Trend and rate of development of the hyperkalemia This patient is older and short of breath. Teach the patient to use the incentive spirometer as advised by their attending physician. This work is the product of the The cough with pertussis may last from 6 to 10 weeks. a. Vt Recognize the risk factors for infection in patients with tracheostomy and take the following actions: Risk factors include the presence of underlying pulmonary disease or other serious illness, increased colonization of the oropharynx or trachea by aerobic gram-negative bacteria, increased bacterial access to the lower airway, and cross-contamination from manipulation of the tracheostomy tube. This is needed to help the patient conserve his or her energy and also effective relaxation when the patient feels anxious and having a hard time concentrating and breathing. Decreased compliance contributes to barrel chest appearance. b. CO2 causes an increase in the amount of hydrogen ions available in the body. Nasal flaring Abnormal breathing rate, depth, and rhythm Hypoxemia Restlessness Confusion A headache after waking up Elevated blood pressure and heart rate Somnolence and visual disturbances Nursing Assessment for Impaired Gas Exchange symptoms If the patient is enteral fed, recommend continuous rather than bolus feeding. Diminished breath sounds are linked with poor ventilation. There is no redness or induration at the injection site. F. A. Davis Company. Being aware of the patient's condition, what approach should the nurse use to assess the patient's lungs (select all that apply)? Pinch the soft part of the nose. 1) Increase the intake of foods that are high in vitamin C. It may also cause hepatitis. a. The patients blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) will also be within the target levels set by the physician (usually 96 to 100 percent; 88 to 92% for most. During preoperative teaching for the patient scheduled for a total laryngectomy, what should the nurse include? (2020, June 15). Lung abscess. b. Cuff pressure monitoring is not required. Line the lung pleura Identify up to what extent does the patient knows about pneumonia. To care for the tracheostomy appropriately, what should the nurse do? Auscultation of breath sounds every 2 to 4 hours (or depending on the patients condition) and reporting of changes in the patients ability to secrete lung secretions. What is a primary nursing responsibility after obtaining a blood specimen for ABGs? Nursing management of pneumonia ppt is an acute inflammatory disorder of lung parenchyma that results in edema of lung tissues and. A relative increase in antibody titers indicates viral infection. A prominent protrusion of the sternum is the pectus carinatum and diminished movement of both sides of the chest indicates decreased chest excursion. Functional Health Pattern b. Surfactant Chest x-ray examination: To confirm presence of pneumonia (i.e., infiltrate appearing on the film). F.N. 2. c. Keep a same-size or larger replacement tube at the bedside. Given a square matrix [A], write a single line MATLAB command that will create a new matrix [Aug] that consists of the original matrix [A] augmented by an identity matrix [I]. Remove unnecessary lines as soon as possible. b. Unstable hemodynamics During a follow-up visit one week after starting the medication, the patient tells the nurse, "In the last week, my urine turned orange, and I am very worried about it." With severe pneumonia, the patient needs a higher level of care than general medical-surgical. g. Position the patient sitting upright with the elbows on an over-the-bed table. Administer the prescribed airway medications (e.g. Subjective Data: Pt family member tells you that the patient has been sleeping constantly for 2 weeks. When does the nurse record the presence of an increased anteroposterior (AP) diameter of the chest? d. Activity-exercise Basket stars are active at night. Antibiotics: To treat bacterial pneumonia. Nursing Diagnosis related to --- as evidence by---Impaired gas exchange related to inflammation of airways, fluid-filled alveoli, and collection of mucus in the airway as evidenced by dyspnea and tachypnea (Carpenito, 2021). Learn how your comment data is processed. Priority Decision: A patient's tracheostomy tube becomes dislodged with vigorous coughing. Teach the importance of complying with the prescribed treatment and medication. 3 Pneumonia in the immunocompromised individual 4 Assessment of pneumonia 5 Diagnostic test for pneumonia 6 Nursing Diagnosis of pneumonia 6.1 Risk for Infection (nosocomial pneumonia) 6.2 Impaired Gas Exchange due to pneumonic condition 6.3 Ineffective clearance of the airway 6.4 Deficient fluid volume Community acquired pneumonias presence of nasal bleeding and exhalation grunting. c. Take the specimen immediately to the laboratory in an iced container. the medication. Organizing the tasks will provide a sufficient rest period for the patient. Patient Profile F.N. A less severe form of bacterial pneumonia is called walking or atypical pneumonia, in which the symptoms are very mild and the infected person can do his/her activities of daily living as normal. Level of the patient's pain Collaboration: In planning the care for a patient with a tracheostomy who has been stable and is to be discharged later in the day, the registered nurse (RN) may delegate which interventions to the licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/VN) (select all that apply)? A) Sit the patient up in bed as tolerated and apply d. An ET tube is more likely to lead to lower respiratory tract infection. Cough and sore throat The most common causes of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is S. pneumoniae followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Give supplemental oxygen treatment when needed. What is the reason for delaying repair of F.N. Ventilation is impaired in spite of adequate perfusion in the lungs. Peripheral chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies also respond to increases in PaCO2 to stimulate the respiratory center. Nursing Diagnosis Impaired Gas Exchange related to to altered alveolarcapillary membrane changes due to pneumonia disease process. Which actions prevent the dislodgement of a tracheostomy tube in the first 3 days after its placement (select all that apply)? Pneumonia is an infection itself but a risk for infection nursing diagnosis is appropriate as untreated pneumonia can progress into a secondary infection or sepsis. Other bacteria that can cause pneumonia include H. influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumonia, Legionella pneumonia, and Chlamydia pneumoniae. a. Assess the need for hyperinflation therapy. Assist the patient with position changes every 2 hours. Impaired Gas Exchange This COPD nursing diagnosis may be related to bronchospasm, air-trapping and obstruction of airways, alveoli destruction, and changes in the alveolar-capillary membrane. Encourage the patient to see their medical attending physician for approval and safe treatment. b. Filtration of air 3.1 Ineffective airway clearance. Decreased functional cilia Usual PaO2 levels are expected in patients 60 years of age or younger. Pneumonia is the second most common nosocomial infection in critically ill patients and a leading cause of death from hospital-acquired infections. Suction as needed.Patients who have a tracheostomy may need frequent suctioning to keep airways clear. c. Mucociliary clearance Oral hygiene moisturizes dehydrated tissues and mucous membranes in patients with fluid deficit. Finger clubbing and accessory muscle use are identified with inspection. Bacterial pneumonias affect all or part of one lobe of the lung, whereas viral pneumonias occur diffusely throughout the lung. document.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Nuclear scans use radioactive materials for diagnosis, but the amounts are very small and no radiation precautions are indicated for the patient. Health perception-health management 1. Assess lung sounds and vital signs.Assess breath sounds, respiratory rate and depth, sp02, blood pressure and heart rate, and capillary refill to monitor for signs of hypoxia and changes in perfusion. Smoking does not directly affect filtration of air, the cough reflex, or reflex bronchoconstriction, but it does impair the respiratory defense mechanism provided by alveolar macrophages. In patients with unilateral pneumonia, positioning on the unaffected side (i.e., good side down) promotes ventilation to perfusion adaptation. Decreased skin turgor and dry mucous membranes as a result of dehydration. The patient will also be able to fully understand how pneumonia is being transmitted to avoid having the disease transfer from other family members. For which problem is this test most commonly used as a diagnostic measure? It is important to pre-oxygenate the patient before the nurse suctions to avoid respiratory distress. This position provides comfort, promotes descent of the diaphragm, maximizes inspiration, and decreases work of breathing. Administer the prescribed antibiotic and anti-pyretic medications. Lung consolidation with fluid or exudate The nurse must understand how to monitor for worsening infection, complications, and the rationales for treatment. b. e. Posterior then anterior Most of the cases of poor prognosis of pneumonia are undertreatment or not being able to be assessed earlier. There is a prominent protrusion of the sternum. Maegan Wagner is a registered nurse with over 10 years of healthcare experience. e. Increased tactile fremitus Assist with respiratory devices and techniques.Flutter valves mobilize secretions facilitating airway clearance while incentive spirometers expand the lungs. Since the patient is manifesting impaired gas exchange, one of the good indications that the oxygen absorption inside the body is not improving is through the skin changes, nail bed discoloration, and mucous production. What is the first action the nurse should take? (1) Aspiration of gastric acid (the most common route), resulting in toxic damage to the lungs, (2) obstruction (foreign bodies or fluids), and. Guillain-Barr syndrome, illicit drug use, and recent abdominal surgery do not put the patient at an increased risk for aspiration pneumonia. c. Temperature of 100 F (38 C) Bacterial infections are indications for antibiotic therapy, but unless symptoms of complications are present, injudicious administration of antibiotics may produce resistant organisms. Nursing Diagnosis for Pleural Effusion Impaired Gas Exchange r/t decreased function of lung tissue Ineffective Breathing Pattern r/t compromised lung expansion Acute Pain r/t inflammatory process Anxiety r/t inability to take deep breaths Risk for infection r/t pooling of fluid in the lung space Nursing Care Plans for Pleural Effusion Normally the AP diameter should be 13 to 12 the side-to-side diameter. Desired Outcome: Within 4 hours of nursing interventions, the patient will have a stabilized temperature within the normal range. impaired Gas Exchange may be related to decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of blood, reduced RBC life span, abnormal RBC structure, increased blood viscosity, predisposition to bacterial pneumonia/pulmonary infarcts, possibly evidenced by dyspnea, use of accessory muscles, cyanosis/signs of hypoxia, tachycardia, changes in mentation, and . 2018.03.29 NMNEC Leadership Council. Pulmonary function test d. Dyspnea and severe sinus pain c. Tracheal deviation Symptoms of an abscess caused by aerobic bacteria develop more acutely and resemble bacterial pneumonia. Decreased functional cilia and decreased force of cough from declining muscle strength cause decreased secretion clearance. c. Comparison of patient's SpO2 values with the normal values Retrieved February 9, 2022, from, Testing for Sepsis. 5) Minimize time in congregate settings. Community-Acquired Pneumonia. 4. b. Copious nasal discharge c. Terminal structures of the respiratory tract d. Assess the patient's swallowing ability. Monitor ABGs and oxygen saturation.Decreasing sp02 signifies hypoxia. "Only health care workers in contact with high-risk patients should be immunized each year." If he or she can not do it, then provide a suction machine always at the bedside. d. Patient can speak with an attached air source with the cuff inflated. Periorbital and facial edema reduced by about half since second hospital day Immobile patients or those who need assistance should be turned every 2 hours, assisted into an upright position, or transferred into a chair to promote lung expansion. It is important to let the patient know the pros of taking an accurate dosage and the right timing of medication for fast recovery. The nurse should assess the patient's cardiopulmonary status with careful monitoring of vital signs, cardiac rhythm, pulse oximetry, arterial blood gases (ABGs), and lung sounds. c. SpO2 of 90%; PaO2 of 60 mm Hg A patient who is being treated at home for pneumonia reports fatigue to the home health nurse. Change the tube every 3 days. a. Encourage movement and positioning.Mobile patients should be encouraged to ambulate several times a day to mobilize secretions. f. PEFR: (6) Maximum rate of airflow during forced expiration Retrieved February 9, 2022, from, Pneumonia: Symptoms, Treatment, Causes & Prevention. b. Which medication therapy does the nurse anticipate will be prescribed? Head elevation and proper positioning help improve the expansion of the lungs, enabling the patient to breathe more effectively. a. Deflate the cuff, then remove and suction the inner cannula. b. Epiglottis A) Teaching the patient how to cough effectively and. This position provides comfort and facilitates the ease and effectiveness of these exercises by promoting better lung expansion (less compression of the lungs by the abdominal organs) and better gas exchange. c. Wheezes a. It may also stimulate coughing. d. Reflex bronchoconstriction. Steroids: To reduce the inflammation in the lungs. During care of a patient with a cuffed tracheostomy, the nurse notes that the tracheostomy tube has an inner cannula. An increased anterior-posterior (AP) diameter is characteristic of a barrel chest, in which the AP diameter is about equal to the side-to-side diameter. Breath sounds in all lobes are verified to be sure that there was no damage to the lung. b. 6. a. Immunocompromised people are more susceptible to fungal pneumonia than healthy individuals. The most common causes of HCAP and HAP are MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively. It is very important to take and record the patients respiratory assessment to make it a basis if there are any abnormal findings in the future. 6. c. Airway obstruction Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (Nosocomial Pneumonia) and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: Overview, Pathophysiology, Etiology. It does not respond to antibiotics; therefore, the management is focused on symptom control and may also include the use of an antiviral drug. Concept Map-AHI - Concept Mapping Nursing diagnosis: Impaired gas exchange pertaining to medical - Studocu concept mapping concept mapping nursing diagnosis: impaired gas exchange pertaining to medical diagnosis of coughing, copd and pneumonia and smoking history. c. A negative skin test is followed by a negative chest x-ray. Fatigue 4. The patient will have improved gas exchange. Notify the health care provider. Select all that apply. Try to use words that can be understood by normal people. Proper nutrition promotes energy and supports the immune system. b. c. a radical neck dissection that removes possible sites of metastasis. d) 8. Interstitial edema Most people with pneumonia are preferred to be placed on a moderate high back rest (also called semi-Fowlers position) or placed pillows on the back. Macrolide antibiotics such as azithromycin and clarithromycin are commonly used as first-line drugs for pneumonia. - The patient's clinical picture is most likely pulmonary embolism (PE), and the first action the nurse should take is to assist with the patient's respirations. Nursing diagnosis for pleural effusion may vary depending on the patient's individual symptoms and condition. When taking care of a patient with pneumonia, it is important to ensure the environment is well ventilated, conducive for good rest, and accessible when the patient needs assistance or help. h. Absent breath sounds Surgical incisions and any skin breakdown should be monitored for redness, warmth, drainage, or odor that signals an infection. Oxygen is administered when O2 saturation or ABG results show hypoxemia. The nurse can also teach coughing and deep breathing exercises. Decreased functional cilia h. FRC Ventilation-perfusion scans and positron emission tomography (PET) scans involve injections, but no manipulation of the respiratory tract is involved. She found a passion in the ER and has stayed in this department for 30 years. Coarse crackling sounds are a sign that the patient is coughing. 4. 1. Related to: As evidenced by: a. Discharging the patient is unsafe. The carina is the point of bifurcation of the trachea into the right and left bronchi. a. The arterial oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry (SpO2) compared with normal values will not be helpful in this older patient or in a patient with respiratory disease as the patient's expected normal will not be the same as standard normal values. A pulmonary angiogram involves the injection of an iodine-based radiopaque dye, and iodine or shellfish allergies should be assessed before injection. Use only sterile fluids and dispense with sterile technique. These critically ill patients have a high mortality rate of 25-50%. patients with pneumonia need assistance when performing activities of daily living. 4. What testing is indicated? 3 Nursing care plans for pneumonia. symptoms. Suctioning keeps the airway clear by removing secretions. b. Nutritional-metabolic 3.6 Risk for imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements. Pneumonia may increase sputum production causing difficulty in clearing the airways. Cough suppressants. CASE STUDY: Rhinoplasty Serologic studies: Acute and convalescent antibody titers determined for the diagnosis of viral pneumonia. After the posterior nasopharynx is packed, some patients, especially older adults, experience a decrease in PaO2 and an increase in PaCO2 because of impaired respiration, and the nurse should monitor the patient's respiratory rate and rhythm and SpO2. b. d. Chronic herpes simplex infections of the mouth and lips. b. treatment with antifungal agents. 2) d. Direct the family members to the waiting room. To regulate the temperature of the environment and make it more comfortable for the patient. General physical assessment findingsof pneumonia. The turbinates in the nose warm and moisturize inhaled air. Inspection - Conditions that increase the risk for aspiration include a decreased level of consciousness (e.g., seizure, anesthesia, head injury, stroke, alcohol intake), difficulty swallowing, and insertion of nasogastric (NG) tubes with or without enteral feeding. A Code Blue would not be called unless the patient experiences a loss of pulse and/or respirations. Which instructions does the nurse provide to the patient to minimize exposure to close contacts and household members? Anna Curran. Page . Teach the patient to splint the chest with a pillow, folded blanket, or folded arms. 4) f. Instruct the patient not to talk during the procedure. The nurse anticipates that interprofessional management will include Facilitate coordination within the care team to allow rest periods between care activities.

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