Check all that apply Activation or inactivation of host cell DNA Binding to RNAs that silence genes Affect host cell DNA that is responsible for cytoskeleton organization Exchange of capsule genes between pathogen and host cell Secretion of . Section: 07.04. perforin, perforin In this case, the person has acquired a(n) __________ disease. acid pH of stomach 21. Nb['hm -Safe injection practices, "The use of ""safer"" medical eqipment such as self-capping needles or self-sheathing scalples would be part of what aspect of an Exposure Plan?". basophils budding yeast with an elaborate capsule Cryptococcus neoformans causes a systemic infection primarily involving the lungs and central . degrade nucleic acid to promote spread of pathogen, degrade cell membranes to allow pathogens to escape phagosomes. {H(Iq4fU{dwYVH@hi!XM!9/fiTxUyf+0v Aq]e;-yTzY7&#wcYk#Doyiclr"c!C Phospholipases are enzymes that do which of the following? Section: 07.04, If you were vaccinated against the mumps virus and later exposed to it, you would still be infected but it would not be as bad as if you had never been vaccinated. You have recently identified a new toxin. A Mononucleosis Approximately how many people die each year as a result of nosocomial infections? They use up nutrients and release wastes, preventing pathogenic bacteria from gaining a foothold. Needlesticks and other sharps-related injuries may expose workers to bloodborne pathogens. It is produced by a gram-negative bacterium. It is composed mostly of protein, has high toxicity, and is not heat stable. a vaccination. The Shiga and diphtheria toxins target __________ in host cells. Since some bacteria in a biofilm are not actively growing (or are in exponential, or log, phase), they would not be affected by antibiotics. Likewise, hand washing does not eliminate the need for the use of gloves. agglutinating them. Is salt and pepper a heterogeneous mixture? T cells can recognize antigens because they D Polio, Which disease is often called the "kissing disease" because you can get it from contact with saliva? plasma cells form; B cell activated; B cell divides; antigen binds to BCR delayed allergic A bacterial infection called lyme disease is spread by what? Consider an airplane flying at a pressure altitude of 33,500 ft and a density altitude of 32,000 ft. Candida can invade tissue by producing the exoenzymes __________ and __________. A biological or physical vehicle that carries an agent to a host describes a what? Explain\text{\red{Explain}}Explain Why are hypotheses so important to controlled experiments? Bloodborne pathogens areinfectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease in humans. Organisms that carry and pass on the pathogen without getting the disease, some types of escherichia coli are normal flora of the, the most important way to stop the spread of infection is through. True b. *IgM antibodies are the first produced by a plasma cell. immediate allergic OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1030 is directed towards which healthcare concern? IgE, IgM A Bacteria Can you place a Media in multiple MediaPlayers? A person steps on a rusty nail and develops tetanus. Which pathogen is most virulent? Which period is the stage of disease during which the patient begins to present general signs and symptoms? possess fimbrae. Can you place a MediaView in multiple Panes? D. fimbriae, 14. - virulence by inducing host cells to self destruct You also discover that it targets liver cells. *Cytokines regulate white blood cell formation so they are being investigated as a possible treatment for AIDS. Phospholipases are enzymes that do which of the following? IgG antibodies bind to pathogens, activate the compliment and enhance phagocytosis. What is the similarity between mitosis and meiosis? what is the function of human lymphatic system? Leishmania (Leishmaniasis) This problem has been solved! Or is it also valid to say that the Sun goes around the Earth? HBV is known to have survived in dried blood for up to ____ days and pose a serious risk of exposure during that time. Question: 33 Which of the following protozoan supergroup - pathogen pairs is incorrect? Section: 07.03, What two sites are involved in the production and maturation of T lymphocytes? Signs: fever True Which of the following choices lists the steps of pathogenesis in the correct order? Exoenzymes are classified according to the macromolecule they target and exotoxins are classified based on their mechanism of action. A communicable disease that can be easily transmitted from person to person is which type of disease? Section: 07.02, Which of the following is not considered a barrier to entry of a pathogen? Devise an arrangement of mirrors allowing you to see the back of your head. Section: 07.02. Question: 6, Exposures to bloodborne pathogens can occur from which of the following? The tiniest and toughest pathogens are what? A microbiologist has identified a new gram-negative pathogen that causes liver disease in rats. *True, cytokines are produced by T lymphocytes, macrophages, and other cells. *IgE antibody levels rise in an parasite infection and would therefore be higher than normal. True (a) Would the toxin be able to enter into the intestinal epithelial cell? He has a fever of 38 C (100.4 F) and complains of nausea and a constant migraine. OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Quiz 4: The OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. (b) Would the toxin be able to cause diarrhea? Does the Earth really go around the Sun? They cause an inflammatory response that kills pathogenic bacteria upon contact. Explain. Section: 07.05, An allergic response is an over reaction of the immune system. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. AIDS 1. When the immune system fails to recognize its own body tissue and begins to attack it, it is known as what? Section: 07.04. One response of the human immune. C. marinates the cut-up pieces of raw chicken in the . IgA, IgM Which of the following is a major virulence factor for the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus? Myasthenia gravis develops when antibodies attach to and interfere with the function of neuromuscular junctions. a. IgA active macrophages Which of the lymphatic organs is also part of the skeletal system? Washing your hands is one of the main ways to prevent from getting sick. During an oral surgery, the surgeon nicked the patients gum with a sharp instrument. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. True or false: *Certain complement proteins involved in the membrane attack complex kill foreign microbes by causing them to burst. Explain three reasons why biofilm formers are more pathogenic. x[ms6|fj 2sMnNhKM*] $ rdIX>Nvjc/_vbU/vk?OuSmsv.^]N_sy3bH,eY|d|g1s9{v1Ogti~9]WrV==j5,4?iG^~%k/ejP7-0_kK_}wNE=?2|y= w 6eiW2xl z{5jW,>pJE$Bfl^b'ddQ8odUpfct{KY|{U;&I$t zrs,# @-"*1.!c?]sr[z}jeOg_W/_,lR"=58Nx? passive, active a protein produced by plasma cells that attacks pathogens involves chemical barriers to entry. they act indiscriminately against all pathogens. people who were recently vaccinated for the flu. They use up nutrients and release wastes, preventing pathogenic bacteria from gaining a foothold. plasma cell (c) What initiates the period of decline? C Protozoa rheumatic fever Which virus may be a contrututing factor in the development of cervical cancer? Through a drop of infected blood on healthy skin. *When an injury is not serious, the inflammatory response is short-lived and the healing process will quickly return the affected area to the normal state. How many people die each year from HCV related liver failure? Kochs postulates are used to determine whether a particular microorganism is a pathogen. 4. Section: 07.02. %PDF-1.5 complimentary Explain how the current discovery of the presence of this reported P. aeruginosa could lead to a recurrence of nosocomial disease. -An employee who is exposed to a pathogen during the course of regular work duties. The organism that attaches itself to healthy cells is called a/an: A virus. IgG Which of the following would be a virulence factor of a pathogen? Inactivate the gene so that fimbriae are no longer produced. myasthenia gravis, hay fever Two types of toxins are hemolysins and leukocidins. If you have a __________, you literally have a plant living on your body. D antibodies. Definition. They release histamine which causes blood vessels to become permeable. True It promotes blood clotting. Hypersensitivity to a substance in one's diet or environment is called what? Proper and regular hand washing is the key to the prevention of the spread of nosocomial infections, "According to the 2011 Tork Report, you come in contact with 300 surfaces every 30 minutes exposing you to ___________ germs! Which of the following is a common and serious foodborne pathogen? True The adaptive immune response includes: humoral immune response, cell-mediated immune response This category is best described by which of the following? ten percent bleach used as a cleaning agent should be made fresh every the continous links in the chain of infection in order, source, means if transmission, and susceptible host. ", Organisms or the toxins they produce that can cause disease in people or animals are known as, "Any item that has the potential to pierce, cut, or puncture the skin should be disposed of in a proper puncture proof container immediately after being used.". Fungi initiate infections through the interaction of adhesins with receptors on host cells. Which pathogen is non-living? One of the most important steps I can take to prevent exposure to bloodborn pathogens is to be mindful of my surroundings at all times in the clinical setting. In an infection, a microorganism enters a host and begins to multiply. False, True they only act internally. A. Candida Section: 07.04, Cytokines assist in regulating white blood cell formation. a type of white blood cell <> Access the complete course and earn ASCLS P.A.C.E.-approved continuing education credits by subscribing online. B. keeps the pie chilled before serving it. *"Innate" in this context means that these defenses act indiscriminately against all pathogens. Julio wants to cook chicken and bake a pie made with eggs and milk for his roommates. The electric component of a beam of polarized light is Ey=(5.00V/m)sin[(1.00106m1)z+t]E_y=(5.00V/m)\sin[(1.00 \times 10^6 m^{-1})z + \omega t]Ey=(5.00V/m)sin[(1.00106m1)z+t]. Multiple Choice. C. collagenase (a) The patient exhibits the signs and symptoms of the disease in both of these periods. False 3. Which of the following are considered Universal Precautions? c. employers must have written airborne pathogen exposure control plans I'm workspace. As a result, the patient developed bacterial endocarditis (an infection of the heart). EKG, MHC the bacterium becoming most resistant to antibiotic treatments, such as penicillin, is known as what? a. pathogens He has a fever of 38 C (100.4 F) and complains of nausea and a constant migraine. sebaceous secretions 28. IgA antibodies prevent pathogens from attaching to epithelial cells in the digestive and respiratory tract. Pages 35 Ratings 100% (6) 6 out of 6 people found this document helpful; C white blood cells. Universal response b. -Cough etiquette Salmonella is the name of a group of bacteria that causes the infection salmonellosis. Which of the following is defined as a plant or animal so small it can only be seen with a microscope? intact skin active, neutral Molecular Kochs postulates are used to determine what genes contribute to a pathogens ability to cause disease. A communicable disease that can be easily transmitted from person to person is which type of disease? Needlesticks and other sharps-related injuries may expose workers to bloodborne pathogens. A Virus Legal. It is produced by immune cells to target pathogens. 2. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. (c) The number of pathogen particles began to decline/die off. C Athlete's foot and ringworm IgD antigen binds to BCR; B cell divides; B cell activated; plasma cells form Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Bloodborne diseases are most commonly spread through mother-to-child transmission, unprotected sex, and:, Which of the following describes proper use of PPE to safeguard against exposure to bloodborne pathogens?, If you are exposed to a bloodborne pathogen while at work, your employer must offer you post-exposure evaluation and . toxic shock syndrome has been assiciated witht the use of what? She suspects that the bacteriums fimbriae are a virulence factor. causing them to burst. False, False 1. The glycoprotein adhesion gp120 on HIV must interact with __________ on some immune cells as the first step in the process of infecting the cell. 36. endobj 27. sAR@`c&bChM=U,:n^W#*@'P|P\(Fdhv '?t2.qzM57r%e %KO%Li'[Tqo\,j6m B Fungi Exoenzymes and toxins allow pathogens to invade host tissue and cause tissue damage. neutral, passive Bloodborne pathogens are infectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease in humans. C Fungi Exotoxins are proteins secreted mainly by gram-positive bacteria. A. degrade antibodies MHC (b) How do they differ? active Exoenzymes and toxins allow pathogens to invade host tissue and cause tissue damage. They cause an inflammatory response that kills pathogenic bacteria upon contact. A world-class bicycle rider can generate one-half horsepower for long periods. <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 816.96] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> This allowed Streptococcus, a bacterium normally present in the mouth, to gain access to the blood. B fungus. the . Inflammation is a response to infection or injury that helps the body heal. Describe how molecular Kochs postulates could be used to test this hypothesis. a. Feces and urine c. Amniotic fluid b. Fluid surrounding heart and lungs d. Employees who have an occupational exposure risk to blood or OPIM are to be offered the hepatitis B vaccination at no cost. Thaks po Advertisement Advertisement New questions in Science. They are both forms of active immunity. 2 0 obj Which of the following must a pathogen possess in order for it to be successful at causing infectious disease? although standard precautions apply to all potentially infections situations, TBPs are chosen based on the potential means of transmission of the disease or condition. *Inflammation and the release of histamine is part of the body's innate defenses. 29. AIDS and tuberculosis are not autoimmune disorders. They are both forms of active immunity. Which of the following is NOT a pathogen? is composed of normal flora. 3. IgM This allowed Streptococcus, a bacterium normally present in the mouth, to gain access to the blood. True perchlorate is released as a gas form rockets but is then dissolved into water in the atmosphere or when it falls to the ground, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Literature and Composition: Reading, Writing,Thinking, Carol Jago, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses. This mutation affects the A-subunit, preventing it from interacting with any host protein. Which of the following is a nonspecific defense against pathogens? C Fungus delayed allergic general B red blood cells. Which of the following would be a virulence factor of a pathogen? Any substance that the white blood cells recognize as foreign is known as what? mononucleosis is most common amoung the elderly. 1. True ", "According the Centers for Disease Control, how many people living in the United States suffer from chronic HBV? epinephrine. Each line of The tile will have the following form: For example, suppose that the file contains the following lines: The output of the program should have the following appearance: Have the program obtain the file name from the command line. 30. microorganisms that cause disease varicella zoster is the cause of chickenpox hiv is the causative agent of AIDS Vectors include insects some types of escherichia coli are normal flora of the a. urinary tract b. respiratory tract c. colob d. circulatory system c. Colon possess specific receptors. What type of response is this? 1. Which of the following is an example of a noncommunicable infectious disease? The concentration of pathogen needed to kill 50% of an infected group of test animals is the __________. 1. Virulence factors contribute to a pathogens ability to cause disease. Bloodborne Pathogens Answer Key 1. all of the following are true statements concerning mononucleosis except? passive B Chicken Pox Describe the virulence factors associated with the fungal pathogen Aspergillus. The relative risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens is great. Neglect energy transfers with the environment. Section: 07.01. Section: 07.02. B Inchworms Endotoxin is the lipid A component of the LPS of the gram-negative cell envelope. to avoid eating a high concentration of mercury, which food should you select, soybeans watered with water from the river, which of the following approaches could help reduce the risk of malaria in a city without introducing new risks to human populations, search for and remove items that could hold accumulated water. passive, neutral 1. nonspecific Section: 07.04, What are the first antibodies produced by a plasma cell? % Number if studies suggest that these elevated concentrations can be traced back to emissions from rockets. List the types of substances to which each of the following chromatographic methods is most applicable: A. a surface protein allowing the pathogen to bind to host cells B. a secondary host the pathogen can infect C. a surface protein the host immune system recognizes D. the ability to form a provirus A 10. 7. A healthcare worker not washing his/her hands. IgG pneumonia Section: 07.02, Inflammation is normally a self-limiting process. Definition. Test Prep. Hepatitis B c. HIV d. E.coli Definition a. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Primary pathogens are capable of causing pathological changes associated with disease in a healthy individual. Microbe c. Protozoa b. Bacteria d. Fungii ____ 2. Diseases that involve biofilm-producing bacteria are of serious concern. Where does the lymphatic system empty into the cardiovascular system? D Polio, Which pathogen cannot be cured with antibiotics? IgD A very hot 300 g copper cylinder is dropped into the water, causing the water to boil, with 5.00 g being converted to steam. They are both forms of an immune deficiency. They phagocytize any pathogenic bacteria that attempt to infect. I will be given an exposure plan by my clinical instructor/coordinator detailing what steps I should take if I am exposed to a potentially infectious source while at my clinical site. bone marrow and thyroid C. must list all department personnel by name, A Level UK Politics: Topic 4 - Voting Behavio, Julie S Snyder, Linda Lilley, Shelly Collins, Medical Terminology: Learning Through Practice. In an employer's exposure control plan, s/he is required to include a category called 'exposure determination'. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). memory cell HCG Bloodborne Pathogens are microorganisms in blood that may cause disease in humans. Simple one-celled organisms that are the most powerful pathogens are what? in a household with smokers, which of the following health outcomes is most likely to occur, if a family was exposed to arsenic over a long period of time, which of the following health outcomes would be most likely, nervous system disorders and problems in brain development leading to low IQ. 25. B Virus C infection. Diseases that involve biofilm-producing bacteria are of serious concern. Which of the following viruses lives permanently in the cells and flares up periodically? active, passive Antigenic __________ is the result of reassortment of genes responsible for the production of influenza virus spike proteins between different virus particles while in the same host, whereas antigenic __________ is the result of point mutations in the spike proteins. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). tonsils and bone marrow, thymus and bone marrow a. pathogens b. nonpathogens c. opportunistic pathogens d. indigenous microflora e. saprophytes: Term. A) alveolar macrophage - lungs B) microglial cells - brain 19. All of the following diseases are primarily spread by animals or insects except? A disease causing organism is called at what? You also discover that it targets liver cells. the chemical forms a gas that is inhaled and travels deep into the lungs, Viruses regularly move between animals and humans in mayor but dangerous cases a brothers may undergo a genetic change that increases its risk of causing serious disease in human populations of the following changes in human animal interactions could reasonably be expected to increase the risk of human harm due to virus exposure, Humans now raise large number of animals for food, A medical facility stores material that produce out for radiation these materials are located in room surrounded by thin wooden walls what are the specific rest to a worker walking just outside the room, tobacco smoke is a teratogen. swelling Some infections cause disease, which is any deviation from the normal function or structure of the host. PTd?M5I$w7AKvnC=_$QisBH " Rjob/V? - produces protease. *The inflammatory response occurs after the pathogen has entered the body. Cilia, fimbriae, and pili are all examples of structures used by microbes for __________. Section: 07.03, Phil was exposed to parasitic worms on a recent field trip to the tropics. Explain why each of these is important for human survival. for which type of hepatitis is there no vaccine available? creating interferon. Section: 07.02, Which of the following is not a sign of inflammation? C Mumps The larval form of Schistosoma mansoni uses a __________ to help it gain entry through intact skin. rheumatoid arthritis ", "Hepatitis C, or HCV, has a high rate of chronic infection with an estimated _________ cases in the United States.". (b) In terms of quantity of pathogen, in what way are these periods different? Which of the following is a major virulence factor for the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus? Acupuncture is a form of alternative medicine that is used for pain relief. Draw the Lewis structure for each of the following molecules: Fungal and parasitic pathogens use pathogenic mechanisms and virulence factors that are similar to those of bacterial pathogens. rheumatoid arthritis a. (a) How are these toxins similar? MTBE is used to be added to gasoline sold for vehicles, MTBE has been found in groundwater. They release histamine which causes blood vessels to become permeable. Which of the following is not considered an administrative control to prevent or minimize BBP exposure? It is one of the most common bacterial causes of diarrhea and the most common cause of foodborne-related hospitalizations and deaths. TCR, BCR Certain complement proteins kill foreign microbes by The bacterium was found on hospital sinks. *(g) chiral. -Hand washing 35. Protozoa adhere to target cells through complex mechanisms and can cause cellular damage through release of cytopathic substances. ;N>!yOl9;F/QZ~>$l{i"ZIW&t"NJV\fpL[ #T&~3-#b|Cs?^(qVtRgCi)b/)VEf8*5a=b\UZA`p\-X4U%PoHq+*`4#.CG 6Bmt{#&K-S paiYWkv'LgeWIZ IV.# ^Y9+~q)_rAfbomv%el A microbiologist has identified a new gram-negative pathogen that causes liver disease in rats. Who is not at high risk for contracting MRSA? Symptoms of a disease are subjective and are reported by the patient. Blood splash to the nose Needle stick Through the air Blood exposure to skin that is chapped or abraded 7, Which of the following is the appropriate place to dispose of glass pieces from broken slides or ampules? False, False The Shiga and diphtheria toxins target __________ in host cells. Candida can invade tissue by producing the exoenzymes __________ and __________.

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